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In the past 20 years a variety of indices have been suggested for measuring the severity of trauma, however none of them meets the requirement of being a simple and objective instrument that can be utilized efficiently by lay persons and providers of health services without previous experience in triaging. A new system has been proposed which meets this requirement and which has been validated with 197 injured persons at the emergency ward of the Valle University Hospital in Call, Colombia. The instrument showed a high level of concordance with the conventional triaging method and classifies victims into four categories: critical with recovery unlikely, critical but recoverable, moderately serious, and ambulatory. There is discussion on the reliability of this instrument and it is recommended that it be validated with victims from larger disasters. Regardless, it has the advantage of being specific and free of the subjectivity that characterizes other indices. 相似文献
23.
A study was undertaken to establish the role of free amino acids (FAA) in aerobic energy dissipation in embryos of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) which contain an oil globule in the egg. Laboratory-reared developing eggs and larvae (15°C, 34 salinity) were measured for oxygen uptake, ammonia excretion, contents of FAA, protein, and ammonium, and volumes of yolksac and oil globule. Newly spawned eggs from different batches contained 55 to 90 nmol egg–1 of FAA. Resorption of FAA occurred in parallel with the consumption of yolk. Resorption of the oil globule, however, occurred predominantly after hatching and mainly after yolk resorption. The combined data suggest that approximately 70% of the FAA are utilized as an energy substrate, while the rest are polymerized into body proteins. FAA become a significant energy substrate in the early egg stage and account for 100% of the aerobic energy dissipation 2 d after Fertilization then decrease to ca. 60% at the time of hatching. Lipids derived from the oil globule seem to be the main fuel after hatching and account for ca. 90% of the energy dissipation at the onset of first-feeding. Thus, the energetics of fish embryos which contain an oil globule seems to be different from those that depend exclusively on the nutritional reserves of the yolk. 相似文献
24.
Cape JN Sheppard LJ Fowler D Harrison AF Parkinson JA Dao P Paterson IS 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1992,75(2):229-236
Radioactive sulphate (35SO4) was applied to the soil below a Scots pine forest on 23 June 1989, and its movement into the canopy and into throughfall and stemflow was measured over 4 months. The specific activity, Bq (mg S)(-1), of the canopy increased monotonically; uptake by current-year (1989) expanding needles was initially twice as fast as by older needles or live twigs. By 10 October the canopy average specific activity was 62 Bq (mg S)(-1). The specific activity of net throughfall (throughfall + stemflow - rain), deduced from measurements from six throughfall collectors, six stemflow collectors and two rain collectors, fell rapidly from 12.6 Bq (mg S)(-1) in late July to <1 Bq (mg S)(-1) in mid-August. The results suggest (assuming rapid equilibration of 35S with sulphate in soil) that root-derived sulphate contributed c. 3% of sulphate in net throughfall and that dry deposition of SO2 and sulphate particles contributed c. 97% of the 0.56 g S m(-2) measured in net throughfall over the period. Simultaneous measurements of SO2 at canopy height and of NH3 above and within the canopy gave mean concentrations of 5.9 and 0.86 microg m(-3), respectively, sufficient to account for the sulphate measured in net throughfall only if codeposition of NH3 and SO2 occurred to canopy surfaces. The large values of specific activity observed in July, however, indicate that throughfall composition may be closely related to recent soil input of sulphate, and that equilibrium cannot be safely assumed. The possibility of a significant contribution of soil-derived sulphate to sulphate deposition in net throughfall cannot be ruled out on the basis of this experiment. 相似文献
25.
Summary The leaf gland volatile oils of ten sweet gale plants from a Scottish population were extracted in early summer. The results differed notably from reports of other populations in respect of the sesquiterpenes, -elemenone and germacrone, which were major components of the volatile oil. Three dihydrochalcones were also detected in the volatile oil. Variation within the population existed, particularly with respect to the relative importance of germacrone. Five plants were resampled in late summer and exhibited a marked reduction in -elemenone, a lesser reduction in germacrone and changes in the proportions of some monoterpenes. 相似文献
26.
Mousavizadeh Seyyed Javad Gil Juan Moreno Roberto Mashayekhi Kambiz 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2022,24(4):5582-5593
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Asparagus basic chromosome number is 2n?=?2x?=?20. The high rate of polyploidy in wild asparagus has been found in natural... 相似文献
27.
Russian Journal of Ecology - Populations at the border of ranges are considered more vulnerable than those in the center. However, some recent reviews contradict this hypothesis. We have studied... 相似文献
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为了评价污泥活性炭(SAC)改良黏土作为垃圾卫生填埋场衬垫防渗材料的可行性,该文通过吸附动力学试验、等温吸附平衡试验、柔性壁渗透试验,分别研究了掺量为0%、1%、3%、5%的SAC改良黏土对Cd(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附特性以及渗透性能。试验结果表明,改良黏土对Cd(Ⅱ)或Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附以30 min内的颗粒表面吸附为主,吸附平衡时间分别为120 min或90 min。改良黏土对Cd(Ⅱ)或Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模式。随SAC掺量由0%增加至5%,在S/L=120 g/L,Cd(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)最大吸附量qm分别增加了25%、47%;当固液比增加到200 g/L,Cd(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)最大吸附量qm分别增加了32%、48%。水、垃圾渗滤液2种渗透媒介下SAC改良黏土的渗透系数为1.8×10-9~1.2×10-8cm/s,均<1×10-7cm/s的防渗要求。因此,SAC改良黏土可以作为垃圾填埋场的衬垫防渗材料使用,可以有效阻滞渗滤液中重金属离子的迁移。 相似文献