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61.
本文阐述用优势微生物菌群消解有机污泥的作用效果及原因,指出了优势菌群的构成类别和消解特点。实验结果表明,污泥消解率可达到55%,且过程对出水水质不产生负面影响,水质指标均符合GB18918-2002要求。 相似文献
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MapGIS技术支持下的宜宾市翠屏区宋家乡环境地球化学质量评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用地质累积指数和污染程度分析方法,结合MapGIS空间分析技术,对宜宾市翠屏区宋家乡项目区土地质量进行系统的环境地球化学质量评价,重点对调查区的重金属元素(As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Zn、Cu、Pb、Ni)情况进行土壤质量评价。结果显示,宋家乡研究区土壤中存在不同程度的Hg、Cd、Cr、Zn、Pb、Ni和Cu重金属超标,主要集中在洋坪村、丘陵村和大地村,而大地村的镉超标较为严重,整个研究区砷没有出现污染。为此,结合实际查明造成重金属污染的原因,为该区土壤资源、环境评价和农业经济发展规划提供实用的地球化学信息。 相似文献
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水环境质量评价3种方法的应用对比 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
从众多水质评价方法中选取单项指数法、加权均值型指数法、模糊数学法进行介绍,并通过运用这3种方法对大汶河某年监测数据的平均值进行评价.经对比分析发现,加权均值型指数法是一种比较实用的水质评价方法,模糊数学法可以作为必要的补充. 相似文献
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Romero-Ruiz A Alhama J Blasco J Gómez-Ariza JL López-Barea J 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):1340-1347
Metallothionein (MT) and other biomarker levels were measured in Scrobicularia plana clams to assess pollution of the Guadalquivir Estuary possibly affected by metals released from Aznalcóllar pyrite mine in 1998. After optimizing reagent concentrations for monobromobimane derivatization, MT levels were quantified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detection (RP-HPLC-FD) in heated or unheated digestive gland extracts and compared to those obtained by differential pulse polarography (DPP). MT content assayed by RP-HPLC-FD in unheated samples was higher than that obtained by DPP and correlated better with metals and anti-oxidant activities. MT assay by RP-HPLC-FD in unheated extracts would be preferable for assessing metal pollution, due to its greater sensitivity and specificity. In addition to MT induction, glyoxalase II inhibition was well correlated with metal contents. Our results suggest that metals at the estuary do not originate from Aznalcóllar spill, but from those carried along by the river and deposited at its concave bank. 相似文献
67.
通过模拟硫酸厂的沸腾焙烧炉,考察了黄铁矿焙烧过程中铊(T1)析出的影响因素.并通过分级提取法考察了黄铁矿烧渣中重金属的相态分布.结果表明,T1释放率随焙烧温度的升高而增加,随停留时间的增长而增加;当O2流量在20~300 mL/mi.范围变化时,T1释放率先增后减.环境中备受关注的重金属(如Pb、Cd、Cr等)在黄铁矿烧渣中以Pb为主,各相态Pb的总量达到1 429.20 μg/g,且黄铁矿烧渣中的重金属(除Cu和Sr外)主要是以分布于硅酸盐矿物相中的残余态形式存在,因此在环境中不易迁移释放.尽管黄铁矿烧渣中的重金属(除Cu和Sr外)不是以非残余态分布为主,但非残余态重金属的总量也不少,因此黄铁矿烧渣在环境中的潜在污染风险应当引起重视. 相似文献
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The longitudinal dependence of black carbon concentration on traffic volume in an urban environment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
deCastro BR Wang L Mihalic JN Breysse PN Geyh AS Buckley TJ 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2008,58(7):928-939
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of traffic volume on ambient black carbon (BC) concentration in an inner-city neighborhood "hot spot" while accounting for modifying effects of weather and time. Continuous monitoring was conducted for 12 months at the Baltimore Traffic Study site surrounded by major urban streets that together carry over 150,000 vehicles per day. Outdoor BC concentration was measured with an Aethalometer; vehicles were counted pneumatically on two nearby streets. Meteorological data were also obtained. Missing data were imputed and all data were normalized to a 5-min observational interval (n = 105,120). Time-series modeling accounted for autoregressively (AR) correlated errors. This study found that outdoor BC was positively correlated at a statistically significant level with neighborhood-level vehicle counts, which contributed at a rate of 66 +/- 10 (SE) ng/m3 per 100 vehicles every 5 min. Winds from the SW-S-SE quarter were associated with the greatest increases in BC (376-612 ng/m3). These winds would have entrained BC from Baltimore's densely trafficked central business district, as well as a nearby interstate highway. The strong influence of wind direction implicates atmospheric transport processes in determining BC exposure. Dew point, mixing height, wind speed, season, and workday were also statistically significant predictors. Background exposure to BC was estimated to be 905 ng/m3. The optimal, statistically significant representation of BC's autocorrelation was AR([1:6]) x 288 x 2016, where the short-term AR factor (lags 1-6) indicated that BC concentrations are correlated for up to 30 min, and the AR factors for lags 288 and 2016 indicate longer-term autocorrelations at diurnal and weekly cycles, respectively. It was concluded that local exposure to BC from mobile sources is substantially modified by meteorological and temporal conditions, including atmospheric transport processes. BC concentration also demonstrates statistically significant autocorrelation at several time scales. 相似文献
69.
Contribution of Spartina maritima to the reduction of eutrophication in estuarine systems 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sousa AI Lillebø AI Caçador I Pardal MA 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):628-635
Salt marshes are among the most productive ecosystems in the world, performing important ecosystem functions, particularly nutrient recycling. In this study, a comparison is made between Mondego and Tagus estuaries in relation to the role of Spartina maritima in nitrogen retention capacity and cycling. Two mono-specific S. maritima stands per estuary were studied during 1 yr (biomass, nitrogen (N) pools, litter production, decomposition rates). Results showed that the oldest Tagus salt marsh population presented higher annual belowground biomass and N productions, and a slower decomposition rate for litter, contributing to the higher N accumulation in the sediment, whereas S. maritima younger marshes had higher aboveground biomass production. Detritus moved by tides represented a huge amount of aboveground production, probably significant when considering the N balance of these salt marshes. Results reinforce the functions of salt marshes as contributing to a reduction of eutrophication in transitional waters, namely through sedimentation processes. 相似文献
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