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Climate change, drought risk and land capability for agriculture: implications for land use in Scotland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Iain Brown Laura Poggio Alessandro Gimona Marie Castellazzi 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(3):503-518
Land capability classification systems define and communicate biophysical limitations on land use, including climate, soils
and topography. They can therefore provide an accessible format for both scientists and decision-makers to share knowledge
on climate change impacts and adaptation. Underlying such classifications are complex interactions that require dynamic spatial
analysis, particularly between soil and climate. These relationships are investigated using a case study on drought risk for
agriculture in Scotland, which is currently considered less significant than wetness-related issues. The impact of drought
risk is assessed using an established empirical system for land capability linking indicator crops with water availability.
This procedure is facilitated by spatial interpolation of climate and soil profile data to provide soil moisture deficits
and plant available water on a regular 1-km grid. To evaluate potential impacts of future climate change, land capability
classes are estimated using both large-scale ensemble (multi-simulation) data from the HadRM3 regional climate model and local-scale
weather generator data (UKCP09) derived from multiple climate models. Results for the case study suggest that drought risk
is likely to have a much more significant influence on land use in the future. This could potentially act to restrict the
range of crops grown and hence reduce land capability in some areas unless strategic-level adaptation measures are developed
that also integrate land use systems and water resources with the wider environment. 相似文献
23.
Ma BL Blackshaw RE Roy J He T 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2011,46(7):590-599
Knowledge about the prevalence and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes in soil bacteria communities is required to evaluate the possibility and ecological consequences of the transfer of these genes carried by genetically modified (GM) plants to soil bacteria. The neomycin phosphotransferase gene (nptII) conferring resistance to kanamycin and neomycin is one of the antibiotic resistance genes commonly present in GM plants. In this study, we investigated kanamycin-resistant (Km(R)) and neomycin-resistant (Nm(R)) soil bacterial populations in a 3-year field trial using a commercial GM corn (Zea mays L.) carrying the nptII gene and its near isogenic line. The results showed that a portion (2.3 - 15.6 %) of cultivable soil bacteria was naturally resistant to kanamycin or neomycin. However, no significant difference in the population level of Km(R) or Nm(R) soil bacteria was observed between the GM and non-GM corn fields. The nptII gene was not detected in any of the total 3000 Km(R) or Nm(R) isolates screened by PCR. Further, total soil bacterial cells were collected through Nycodenz gradient centrifugation and bacterial community DNA was subjected to PCR. Detection limit was about 500 cells per gram of fresh soil. Our study suggests that the nptII gene was relatively rare in the soil bacterial populations and there was no evidence of gene transfer from a GM corn plant to soil bacteria based on the data from total soil bacterial communities. 相似文献
24.
Joke Muys Bettina Blaumeiser Yves Jacquemyn Claude Bandelier Nathalie Brison Saskia Bulk Patrizia Chiarappa Winnie Courtens Anne De Leener Marjan De Rademaeker Julie Désir Anne Destrée Koenraad Devriendt Annelies Dheedene Annelies Fieuw Erik Fransen Jean-Stéphane Gatot Philip Holmgren Mauricette Jamar Sandra Janssens Kathelijn Keymolen Damien Lederer Björn Menten Marije Meuwissen Benoit Parmentier Bruno Pichon Sonia Rombout Yves Sznajer Ann Van Den Bogaert Kris Van Den Bogaert Olivier Vanakker Joris Vermeesch Katrien Janssens 《黑龙江环境通报》2018,38(13):1120-1128
25.
Environmental and Ecological Statistics - This paper illustrates the use of diffusion kernels to estimate smooth density and regression functions defined on highly complex domains. We generalize... 相似文献
26.
Metal concentrations in edible mushrooms following municipal sludge application on forest land 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Benbrahim M Denaix L Thomas AL Balet J Carnus JM 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,144(3):847-854
In the context of biosolids utilisation in forestry, effects of sludge application on mushroom metal concentration were studied in six sites of maritime pine forests in the South-West of France. Municipal sludge were applied at a rate of 6 T dry matter per hectare. Edible mushrooms were collected two years after sludge application. As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Se and Zn concentrations were determined. Results showed a high variability for trace element concentrations in mushrooms collected from control areas. No significant correlation was found between soil parameters (pH and trace elements concentrations) and mushroom trace element concentrations. Even if the concentration of trace metals increased in the soils, sludge application did not affect As, Cu, Se and Zn concentrations in carpophores but slightly increased Cd, Pb and Hg concentrations on some sites. This effect is dependent on sludge type and sites. 相似文献
27.
We adopt an interpersonal perspective and examine the adaptive effects of managers' perceived stress on their behavior towards subordinates. Drawing from the transactional model of stress (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984), we advance a model that highlights the propensity for stressed managers to engage in prosocial coping behaviors towards their employees, which in turn are related to lower levels of turnover and higher levels of job performance. We tested our predictions in a sample of 281 employees and their 53 managers working in a clothing retailer in Turkey. Consistent with predictions, we found positive effects of managers' perceived stress on their prosocial coping behaviors and employee outcomes. Managers' perceived stress was positively related to sharing credit with employees for managers who held positive implicit prototypes about employees. Results also indicated that managers' perceived stress was positively related to sharing knowledge with their subordinates regardless of implicit follower prototypes. Both sharing credit and sharing knowledge, in turn, were related to turnover intentions and actual turnover, and sharing credit was related to job performance. This study extends past work by adopting an interpersonal perspective of stress and demonstrating that managerial stress can have positive effects on employee outcomes via prosocial coping behaviors. 相似文献
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Paige Brown Jarreau Amy Reynolds 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2017,11(2):143-165
This mixed-method case study of environmental communication best practices in Louisiana, USA, identifies trends and approaches as informed by environmental psychology. The results provide key insights for environmental communicators, especially communicators in coastal regions. In-depth interviews with both environmental psychologists and environmental communicators showed that both groups emphasized knowing the audience, telling local stories, building relationships with target audiences and targeted messaging. Both psychologists and communicators also frequently mentioned general messaging concerns of source credibility, avoiding controversial terms and talking about issues, impacts and solutions to which the target audience can relate. A representative survey revealed that Louisiana residents are most interested in hearing about how environmental issues such as climate change, coastal land loss and flooding are affecting their own communities. This finding supports the idea that environmental communicators could do a better job tapping into strong place attachment and sense of community among coastal residents to promote action. 相似文献