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281.
Coastal development and engineering projects preclude ecosystem processes that provide habitat for beach nesting birds. Management
for coastal species may depend on actions that attempt to restore important habitat features and mitigate disturbance effects.
However, species response to restoration or other management actions may be difficult to predict or measure. At Jones Beach
State Park, on Long Island, New York, a 0.49 ha restoration project provided moist substrate foraging habitat for breeding
Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) from 2002 to 2005. We examined whether foraging habitat restoration affected Piping Plover breeding population size, productivity,
and fledgling production within 300 m of the restoration site. We found a positive relationship between habitat restoration
and the number of fledglings produced per year. However, foraging habitat restoration did not significantly increase the number
of Plover pairs breeding at Jones Beach. Our ability to evaluate restoration effects on Plovers depended on: 1) use of multiple
performance criteria; 2) a design that allowed comparison of pre- and post-restoration data; and 3) a spatial control that
allowed comparison of similar areas that were near and far from the restoration site. Despite the small size of the restoration
project, there were measurable benefits to Plovers, indicating that foraging habitat restoration may be an effective tool
for species recovery. 相似文献
282.
283.
We examined the prevalence of residential development that occurs with consideration of the natural features of the site,
known as conservation design, within county-level planning jurisdictions across Northern Indiana. Using data from telephone
interviews with representatives of planning departments, jurisdictions were ranked based on reported use of conservation design.
Three categories of use emerged from the data: no use, use of individual practices associated with conservation design, and
integration of multiple conservation design practices. Qualitative data analysis revealed that conservation design practices
were not being used widely and, when used, were often used to fulfill stormwater requirements. Statistical analysis, using
data from interviews, spatial data sets, and the U.S. Census Bureau, identified several significant positive predictors of
the levels of conservation design use including conversion of forest or agricultural land cover to urban uses and education
levels in the jurisdiction. Many of the interviewees noted that agricultural land is perceived to meet open space needs within
their counties. Given that agricultural land does not fully meet all ecosystem needs, education about the benefits of other
types of open space is suggested.
相似文献
Linda Stalker Prokopy (Corresponding author)Email: |
284.
285.
Effects of Selection Cutting and Landscape-Scale Harvesting on the Reproductive Success of Two Neotropical Migrant Bird Species 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Abstract: We measured the effects of forest harvesting at two spatial scales on the productivity of two Neotropical migrant bird species, the Black-throated Blue Warbler ( Dendroica caerulescens ) and the Ovenbird ( Seiurus aurocapillus ). We selected two forest landscapes representing extremes in harvesting intensity for northwestern New Brunswick, Canada. Within each landscape, we selected study plots located either in recent (<5 years) selection-cut stands (30% removal every 20 years) or in stands that were lightly harvested at least 30 years ago. Black-throated Blue Warblers reached higher densities in selection cuts, but their reproductive performance ( pairing and fledging success) did not differ significantly between stand types (uncut vs. selection cut) or between landscape types (intensively vs. moderately harvested). In 1998, nonetheless, 61% of the estimated number of fledglings produced in our plots were born in selection cuts. In contrast, this proportion was only 23% for Ovenbirds in 1998 and 1999 combined. Ovenbirds had lower densities, and their reproductive performance was significantly lower in selection cuts than in uncut plots. These results indicate that the effects of selection cutting on demography are species-specific and that Ovenbird persistence in selection cuts may be compromised unless the intensity or frequency of cutting is decreased. 相似文献
286.
The oxidation of sulphidic mine tailings and consequent acid generation poses challenges for the environment. Accurate and
precise analysis of sulphur content is necessary for impact assessment and management of mine tailings. Here, the authors
aim at developing a rapid and easy digestion procedure, which may analyse and measure the total amount of sulphur in mine
tailings by using inductively coupled plasma. For evaluating effects of several variables, the researchers used a univariate
(analysis of variance (ANOVA)) strategy and considered factors such as composition of the acid mixture, heating time, and
refluxing device to optimize the performance. To do the experiment, the researchers have used two certified reference materials
(KZK-1 and RTS-2) and samples of tailings from Musselwhite mine. ANOVA result shows that heating time is the most influencing
factor on acid digestion of the reference materials whereas in case of a digestion of tailings sample, hydrochloric acid proved
to be the most significant parameter. Satisfactory results between the measured and referenced values are found for all experiments.
It is found that the aqua regia (1 ml HNO3 + 3 ml HCl) digestion of 0.1 g of samples after only 40 min of heating at 95°C produced fast, safe, and accurate analytical
results with a recovery of 97% for the selected reference materials. 相似文献
287.
Raquibul Alam Julie Q. Shang Adnan Hossain Khan 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(4):193
The performance of electroflotation (EF) is strongly influenced by the size of O2 and H2 bubbles. Therefore, in this study, the bubble sizes are measured in a lab-scale EF cell using a high-speed camera. The mean bubble size is found to vary in the range of 32.7–68.6 μm under different operating conditions. This study shows that the electrode material, current density, water pH, ionic strength, and frother (Tennafroth 250) concentration are important factors in controlling the bubble size. Furthermore, four mathematical distributions (normal, log-normal, Weibull, and gamma distributions) are fitted to the experimental data, among which the log-normal distribution is found to be the best fit based on the lower Anderson-Darling (AD) value. 相似文献
288.
Alice A. Han Emily B. Fabyanic Julie V. Miller Maren S. Prediger Nicole Prince Julia A. Mouch Jonathan Boyd 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(4):190
Thousands of gallons of industrial chemicals, crude 4-methylcyclohexanemethanol (MCHM) and propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPh), leaked from industrial tanks into the Elk River in Charleston, West Virginia, USA, on January 9, 2014. A considerable number of people were reported to exhibit symptoms of chemical exposure and an estimated 300,000 residents were advised not to use or drink tap water. At the time of the spill, the existing toxicological data of the chemicals were limited for a full evaluation of the health risks, resulting in concern among those in the impacted regions. In this preliminary study, we assessed cell viability and plasma membrane degradation following a 24-h exposure to varying concentrations (0–1000 μM) of the two compounds, alone and in combination. Evaluation of different cell lines, HEK-293 (kidney), HepG2 (liver), H9c2 (heart), and GT1-7 (brain), provided insight regarding altered cellular responses in varying organ systems. Single exposure to MCHM or PPh did not affect cell viability, except at doses much higher than the estimated exposure levels. Certain co-exposures significantly reduced metabolic activity and increased plasma membrane degradation in GT1-7, HepG2, and H9c2 cells. These findings highlight the importance of examining co-exposures to fully understand the potential toxic effects. 相似文献
289.
Julie Doyle 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2016,10(6):777-790
ABSTRACTVeganism offers an important critique of unethical and unsustainable food production practices, yet vegans have been historically stigmatized in mainstream media. Given the recent prominence of celebrity vegans, this article asks, how might the cultural intermediary work of vegan celebrities make the ethical practice of veganism more accessible? And how do vegans’ ethical concerns about the exploitative production and consumption of animals as food and byproducts get reframed in the context of celebrity consumer culture? Bringing together philosophies of ethical veganism and eco-feminism with literature on ethical (food) consumption and celebrity culture, this article analyses the educational campaigning work on veganism by Hollywood actor, Alicia Silverstone and TV chat show host, Ellen DeGeneres. It finds that veganism is figured as a diet and lifestyle that foregrounds an ethics of care, compassion, kindness and emotion – about and for humans, animals and environment – consistent with ethical veganism. Yet these ethics are reworked through the commodity logic of celebrity culture to make it more marketable and thus consumable as a set of ideas and gendered lifestyle practices, where the individual choice is to be a healthy, happy and kind self. The tensions between ethical veganism as an intervention at the point of consumption within the production of exploitative and gendered human/animal/environmental relations, and the focus upon an individualized lifestyle politics through which celebrities maintain their commodity status, thus coalesce in the work of celebrity vegans. 相似文献
290.