An efficient synthesis of bisenols in water extract of waste onion peel ash

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Bisenols and its derivatives are attractive heterocyclic compounds exhibiting a wide range of biological properties, including anticancer, antipyretic and...     

我国风速反弹特征及其对湖泊富营养化的潜在影响

在2010年前后全球范围内出现“大气静止”恢复、近地面风速反弹上升的现象。然而这一风速反弹现象对我国湖泊的影响尚不清楚。通过对全国745个气象监测站观测数据进行空间插值提取湖泊近地面风速时间序列,使用分段线性回归分析了我国面积＞1km²的湖泊和87个重点监测湖泊风速反弹现象的特征。结果显示,全国面积＞1km²的湖泊有71.59%出现风速反弹现象,但是东部沿海地区和新疆东部地区湖泊未出现风速反弹,重点监测的富营养化湖泊只有43.08%出现风速反弹。同时,出现风速反弹的湖泊风速转折点年份分散。预计风速反弹现象在未来短期内可能有利于我国湖泊富营养化治理,但在未来长期内气候变化将出现风速下降现象,可能对湖泊富营养化治理造成不利影响。     

污泥生物炭制备与其对土壤环境影响的研究进展

污泥生物炭由于具有优异的孔隙结构和较大的比表面积,吸附能力强,在环境污染修复、土壤改良和固碳方面得到广泛研究。从污泥生物炭的来源与性质出发,探讨了污泥生物炭施入土壤后对土壤结构改良、营养成分提升等方面的作用机制,分析了污泥生物炭的制备工艺与相应污泥生物炭的特性以及返还土壤的效用状况。通过对作为肥料的污泥生物炭的品质分析,针对性地评价了其安全性及对土壤环境的积极影响,并对存在典型问题的土壤进行归类,从土壤改良需求与污泥生物炭特性适配的角度,为污泥生物炭制备工艺的选择提供指导。污泥生物炭应用对促进污泥资源化利用、实现碳减排具有重要现实意义,优化污泥生物炭制备工艺、客观评价污泥生物炭土地利用环境风险、强化污泥生物炭改性、重视污泥生物炭综合效益评价等是未来重点研究方向。     

Temporal and spatial variations of air pollution across China from 2015 to 2018

This study investigated concentrations of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, CO and O₃, and air quality index（AQI） values across 368 cities in mainland China during 2015–2018. The study further examined relationships of air pollution status with local industrial capacities and vehicle possessions. Strong correlations were found between industrial capacities（coal, pig iron, crude steel and rolled steel） and air pollution levels. Although statistical and ...     

基于VOCs加密监测的上海典型臭氧污染过程特征及成因分析

针对2017年8月4—7日在上海市及周边城市发生的臭氧污染过程,结合30个采样点连续4 d的大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)苏玛罐样品分析数据及O_3和NO_2在线监测数据,分析了此次污染过程的O_3和NO_2的时间变化特征、VOCs组分及臭氧生成潜势(OFP)的空间分布特征,并对VOCs来源进行了研究.结果表明,采样期间,上海市的O_3和NO_2平均浓度水平总体均高于周边的5个城市.VOCs均值浓度的空间分布总体为西北部高于东南部,上海市VOCs均值浓度为48×10~(-9),相较周边城市处于中间水平.上海市各类VOCs浓度为OVOCs烷烃卤代烃芳香烃烯炔烃,OFP贡献为芳香烃烯炔烃烷烃OVOCs和卤代烃.VOCs源解析结果显示机动车、溶剂使用、化工和石化工艺过程是上海市VOCs的3个主要来源.结合VOCs来源解析与OFP的贡献分析,控制上海市臭氧污染需重点削减溶剂使用和化工工艺过程中的甲苯、乙苯、间/对二甲苯、邻二甲苯和苯等芳香烃的排放,同时加强机动车和石化工艺过程中丙烯、乙烯和乙炔的排放控制.     

Adsorption of Mn2+ from aqueous solution using Fe and Mn oxide-coated sand

The adsorption of Mn²⁺ onto immobilized Mn-oxide and Fe-oxide adsorbent such as manganese oxide-coated sand1 (MOCS1), manganese oxide-coated sand2 (MOCS2), iron oxide-coated sand2 (IOCS2), and manganese and iron oxide-coated sand (MIOCS) was investigated. The effects of pH (5.5 to 8.0) and temperature (25 to 45℃) on the equilibrium capacity were examined. Equilibrium studies showed that there is a good fit with both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm, which indicates surface heterogeneity and monolayer adsorption of the adsorbents. Kinetic data showed high correlation with the pseudo second-order model, which signifies a chemisorption-controlled mechanism. The activation energies, activation parameters (ΔG^*, ΔH^*, ΔS^*), and thermodynamic parameters (ΔG⁰, ΔH⁰, ΔS⁰) confirmed that adsorption with MIOCS was endothermic and more spontaneous at higher temperature while an opposite trend was observed for the other adsorbents. Thermodynamic studies showed that adsorption involved formation of activated complex, where MOCS1 and MIOCS follow a physical-chemical mechanism, while MOCS2 and IOCS2 follows purely chemical mechanism.     

Mobilization of trace metals and inorganic compounds during resuspension of anoxic sediments from Trepangier Bayou, Louisiana

The release of trace metals (Mn, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd) and inorganic compounds (As) from initially anoxic Trepangier Bayou sediments, Louisiana and the sources of the released metals were investigated. After 1 to 2 d aeration, significant amounts of trace metals (Mn, Zn, Cd, Ni, and Co) were released to the aqueous phase with increased acidity, primarily due to the oxidation of acid-volatile sulfide and ferrous iron and iron sulfide minerals. The addition of a bacterial inhibitor, NaN,, to the Trepangier sediment during resuspension inhibited metal release, suggesting that microbial catalysis can regulate metal mobilization during sediment resuspension. In a well buffered system, oxidation of iron sulfides alone did not appear to induce trace metal release. Moreover, when Trepangier sediment was resuspended in anoxic conditions at neutral pH, <1% of the trace metal content was released, whereas a significant release of metal was observed under acidic anoxic conditions. Although oxidation of iron sulfide minerals is an essential prerequisite for the release of Zn, Co, Cd, and Ni, carbonates and oxides also play a role. The trace metals and inorganic compounds investigated could be classified into three groups according to their release characteristics: (i) Mn, Zn, Cd, Ni, and Co; (ii) Fe, Pb, and As; and (iii) Cu. The groupings appeared to depend on the sources of compounds and their relative affinity, after oxidation, to iron oxyhydroxides or organic matter.     

Accurate prediction of air quality response to emissions for effective control policy design

Designing effective control policy requires accurate quantification of the relationship between the ambient concentrations of O₃and PM_2.5and the emissions of their precursors.However,the challenge is that precursor reduction does not necessarily lead to decreases in the concentrations of O₃and PM_2.5,which are formed by multiple precursors under complex physical and chemical processes;this calls for the development of advanced model technologies to prov...     

Advanced materials: adsorbent and catalyst for environmental application

With the economic growth,the environmental pollution is still a challenge for sustainable development all over the world.In order to prevent,reduce and remediate the various environmental problems,it is crucial to develop innovative and efficient materials to remove and decompose pollutants from air or water in that the efficient adsorbents and catalysts are playing an important role in the process of physical and chemical reactions.Therefore,the editors of FESE proposed to publish one special issue,and report the original research and review papers about advanced adsorbents and catalysts that are potentially or widely applied in environmental protection.     

Hygroscopicity of particles generated from photooxidation of α-pinene under different oxidation conditions in the presence of sulfate seed aerosols

Smog chamber experiments were conducted to investigate the hygroscopicity of particles generated from photooxidation of α-pinene/NOx with different sulfate seed aerosols or oxidation conditions. Hygroscopicity of particles was measured by a tandem differential mobility analyzer （TDMA） in terms of hygroscopic growth factor （Gf）, with a relative humidity of 85%. With sulfate seed aerosols present, Gf of the aerosols decreased very fast before notable secondary organic aerosols （SOA） formation was observed, indicating a heterogeneous process between inorganic seeds and organic products might take place as soon as oxidation begins, rather than only happening after gas-aerosol partition of organic products starts. The final SOA-coated sulfate particles had similar or lower Gf than seed-free SOA. The hygroscopicity of the final particles was not dependent on the thickness but on the hygroscopicity properties of the SOA, which were influenced by the initial sulfate seed particles. In the two designed aging processes, Gf of the particles increased more significantly with introduction of OH radical than with ozone. However, the hygroscopicity of SOA was very low even after a long time of aging, implying that either SOA aging in the chamber was very slow or the Gf of SOA did not change significantly in aging. Using an aerosol composition speciation monitor （ACSM） and matrix factorization （PMF） method, two factors for the components of SOA were identified, but the correlation between SOA hygroscopicity and the proportion of the more highly oxidized factor could be either positive or negative depending on the speciation of seed aerosols present.