污泥生物炭制备与其对土壤环境影响的研究进展

污泥生物炭由于具有优异的孔隙结构和较大的比表面积,吸附能力强,在环境污染修复、土壤改良和固碳方面得到广泛研究。从污泥生物炭的来源与性质出发,探讨了污泥生物炭施入土壤后对土壤结构改良、营养成分提升等方面的作用机制,分析了污泥生物炭的制备工艺与相应污泥生物炭的特性以及返还土壤的效用状况。通过对作为肥料的污泥生物炭的品质分析,针对性地评价了其安全性及对土壤环境的积极影响,并对存在典型问题的土壤进行归类,从土壤改良需求与污泥生物炭特性适配的角度,为污泥生物炭制备工艺的选择提供指导。污泥生物炭应用对促进污泥资源化利用、实现碳减排具有重要现实意义,优化污泥生物炭制备工艺、客观评价污泥生物炭土地利用环境风险、强化污泥生物炭改性、重视污泥生物炭综合效益评价等是未来重点研究方向。     

Temporal and spatial variations of air pollution across China from 2015 to 2018

This study investigated concentrations of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, CO and O₃, and air quality index（AQI） values across 368 cities in mainland China during 2015–2018. The study further examined relationships of air pollution status with local industrial capacities and vehicle possessions. Strong correlations were found between industrial capacities（coal, pig iron, crude steel and rolled steel） and air pollution levels. Although statistical and ...     

Advanced materials: adsorbent and catalyst for environmental application

With the economic growth,the environmental pollution is still a challenge for sustainable development all over the world.In order to prevent,reduce and remediate the various environmental problems,it is crucial to develop innovative and efficient materials to remove and decompose pollutants from air or water in that the efficient adsorbents and catalysts are playing an important role in the process of physical and chemical reactions.Therefore,the editors of FESE proposed to publish one special issue,and report the original research and review papers about advanced adsorbents and catalysts that are potentially or widely applied in environmental protection.     

Differentiating the effects of fine and coarse particles on daily mortality in Shanghai, China

The findings on health effects of ambient fine particles (PM2.5) and coarse particles (PM10-2.5) remain inconsistent. In China, PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 are not the criteria air pollutants, and their monitoring data are scarce. There have been no epidemiological studies of health effects of PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 simultaneously in China. We conducted a time series study to examine the acute effects of PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 on daily mortality in Shanghai, China from Mar. 4, 2004 to Dec. 31, 2005. We used the generalized additive model (GAM) with penalized splines to analyze the mortality, air pollution and covariate data. The average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 were 56.4 microg/m3 and 52.3 microg/m3 in our study period, and PM2.5 constituted around 53.0% of the PM10 mass. Compared with the Global Air Quality Guidelines set by World Health Organization (10 microg/m3 for annual mean) and U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (15 microg/m3 for annual mean), the PM2.5 level in Shanghai was much higher. We found that PM2.5 was associated with the death rates from all causes and from cardiorespiratory diseases in Shanghai. We did not find a significant effect of PM10-2.5 on mortality outcomes. A10 microg/m3 increase in the 2-day moving average (lag01) concentration of PM2.5 corresponded to 0.36% (95% CI 0.11%, 0.61%), 0.41% (95% CI 0.01%, 0.82%) and 0.95% (95% CI 0.16%, 1.73%) increase of total, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. For PM10-2.5, the effects were attenuated and less precise. Our analyses provide the first statistically significant evidence in China that PM2.5 has an adverse effect on population health and strengthen the rationale for further limiting levels of PM2.5 in outdoor air in Shanghai.     

Stability and deformation of surrounding rock in pillarless gob-side entry retaining

We analyzed the stability of the retained gob-side entry in four different Chinese coal mining sites and evaluated the influencing factors of roadway deformation such as mining depth, support strength and area of gob-side hanging roof. It was found that the length of cantilever roof block above roadway has a major impact on the deformation, whereas the impact of mining depth is minor if the depth is less than 500 m. Minimum support resistance of 0.3 MPa is essential to effectively confine the deformation of a retained roadway. We performed physical experiments to further study the features of roof fracturing and their impact on roadway deformation under three typical immediate roof conditions, i.e., thick-immediate roof, thin-immediate roof and non-immediate roof. In addition, equations to calculate desired support resistance of filled gob-side wall were derived based on superimposed continuous laminate model. The results provide valuable theoretical and practical guidance for implementing pillarless gob-side entry retaining in engineering practices.     

乡镇工业企业环境污染现状调查及整治对策研究

随着全国环保大检查工作的推进,乡镇工业企业的环境污染问题日益突出.通过深入的环保现状调查,某街道工业企业普遍存在占用非工业用地、环保手续不健全、污染防治设施滞后、环境安全意识差等问题.针对以上问题,考虑街道工业企业环境整治面临的负面社会影响、环境监管部门的执法局限等困难,从基本原则、具体方案、职责分工等角度提出可操作性强的环境整治对策,以期有效改善街道环境状况,并为乡镇工业企业环境污染整治提供经验参考.     

碳同位素在油气地质研究中的应用和进展

稳定同位素地球化学是发展较快的学科之一，七十年代起被广泛应用于油气地球化学研究中。本文综述了碳稳定同位素在油气地质研究中的应用和进展，这些应用主要包括确定源油的形成环境与形成时代；进行油／油、油／源对比；判别天然气的成因类型并进行对比；判断天然气的成熟度。     

基于VOCs加密监测的上海典型臭氧污染过程特征及成因分析

针对2017年8月4—7日在上海市及周边城市发生的臭氧污染过程,结合30个采样点连续4 d的大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)苏玛罐样品分析数据及O_3和NO_2在线监测数据,分析了此次污染过程的O_3和NO_2的时间变化特征、VOCs组分及臭氧生成潜势(OFP)的空间分布特征,并对VOCs来源进行了研究.结果表明,采样期间,上海市的O_3和NO_2平均浓度水平总体均高于周边的5个城市.VOCs均值浓度的空间分布总体为西北部高于东南部,上海市VOCs均值浓度为48×10~(-9),相较周边城市处于中间水平.上海市各类VOCs浓度为OVOCs烷烃卤代烃芳香烃烯炔烃,OFP贡献为芳香烃烯炔烃烷烃OVOCs和卤代烃.VOCs源解析结果显示机动车、溶剂使用、化工和石化工艺过程是上海市VOCs的3个主要来源.结合VOCs来源解析与OFP的贡献分析,控制上海市臭氧污染需重点削减溶剂使用和化工工艺过程中的甲苯、乙苯、间/对二甲苯、邻二甲苯和苯等芳香烃的排放,同时加强机动车和石化工艺过程中丙烯、乙烯和乙炔的排放控制.