Investigating the impact of air pollution on AMI and COPD hospital admissions in the coastal city of Qingdao,China

• The impact of air pollution on AMI/COPD hospital admissions were examined. • Significant connection was found between air pollutants and AMI/COPD in Qingdao. • Nonlinearity exists between air pollution and AMI/COPD hospital admissions. Air pollution has been widely associated with adverse effects on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. We investigated the relationship between acute myocardial infarction (AMI), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and air pollution exposure in the coastal city of Qingdao, China. Air pollution in this region is characterized by inland and oceanic transportation sources in addition to local emission. We examined the influence of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, SO₂, CO and O₃ concentrations on hospital admissions for AMI and COPD from October 1, 2014, to September 30, 2018, in Qingdao using a Poisson generalized additive model (GAM). We found that PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, SO₂ and CO exhibited a significant short-term (lag 1 day) association with AMI in the single-pollutant model among older adults (>65 years old) and females, especially during the cold season (October to March). In contrast, only NO₂ and SO₂ had clear cumulative lag associations with COPD admission for females and those over 65 years old at lag 01 and lag 03, respectively. In the two-pollutant model, the exposure-response relationship fitted by the two-pollutant model did not change significantly. Our findings indicated that there is an inflection point between the concentration of certain air pollutants and the hospital admissions of AMI and COPD even under the linear assumption, indicative of the benefits of reducing air pollution vary with pollution levels. This study has important implications for the development of policy for air pollution control in Qingdao and the public health benefits of reducing air pollution levels.     

长期定位施肥对农田土壤酶活性及其相关因素的影响

利用中国科学院封丘农业生态国家实验站潮土农田生态系统养分平衡长期定位试验地,研究不同施肥处理对土壤酶活性的影响及其年际变化,以及对土壤养分和微生物生物量的影响。结果发现,土壤脱氢酶、转化酶、脲酶及磷酸酶的活性在长期不同施肥处理之后均产生较大的差异,总体上是施肥高于不施肥,施肥处理间从高到低依次是OM(有机肥)、1/2OM 1/2NPK、NPK、NP、PK、NK。同时,土壤脱氢酶活性随着年限的增加逐渐下降,转化酶与磷酸酶的活性趋于增高,而脲酶活性的年际变化规律在不同施肥处理间互不相同。另外,OM与1/2OM 1/2NPK处理的土壤微生物生物量C、N最高,而施化肥处理中只有NPK处理的微生物生物量N显著高于不施肥对照,其它处理与对照没有显著差异。结果表明,长期施用有机肥更有利于保育土壤生物化学环境质量。     

无机碳对浮游藻类生长和群落结构的影响

采用水族箱生态模拟方法,利用碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠作为碱度调节剂设置不同碱度水平,研究了氮磷营养相对充足的试验水体中藻类各相关指标对无机碳的响应,并对试验过程中所测得的理化指标和生物指标进行统计分析.研究表明:富营养水体无机碳含量与藻类叶绿素水平存在着正相关关系;适当增加水体中的无机碳浓度能够改变蓝、绿藻门种类比例;当碱度水平达到一定程度时,铜绿微囊藻可以逐渐成为优势种,并从体系中上升,演替成为水华.     

食坚果有益处

从养生健体的角度讲,每日食用一把各类坚果,对人体是非常有益的,尤其在冬季对滋补身体更是好处多多,其它季节应控制食量,当然也要因人而异。本有虚火或正在热症期(感冒发烧)就不要食用。凡事都有一个度,只要适度适量,就能达到良好的效果。下面介绍几种坚果供大家参考。     

Effect of high concentrations of inorganic seed aerosols on secondary organic aerosol formation in the m-xylene/NOx photooxidation system

High concentrations (>15 μm³ cm^?3) of CaSO₄, Ca(NO₃)₂ and (NH₄)₂SO₄ were selected as surrogates of dry neutral, aqueous neutral and dry acidic inorganic seed aerosols, respectively, to study the effects of inorganic seeds on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in irradiated m-xylene/NO_x photooxidation systems. The results indicate that neither ozone formation nor SOA formation is significantly affected by the presence of neutral aerosols (both dry CaSO₄ and aqueous Ca(NO₃)₂), even at elevated concentrations. The presence of high concentrations of (NH₄)₂SO₄ aerosols (dry acidic) has no obvious effect on ozone formation, but it does enhance SOA generation and increase SOA yields. In addition, the effect of dry (NH₄)₂SO₄ on SOA yield is found to be positively correlated with the (NH₄)₂SO₄ surface concentration, and the effect is pronounced only when the surface concentration reaches a threshold value. Further, it is proposed that the SOA generation enhancement is achieved by particle-phase heterogeneous reactions induced and catalyzed by the acidity of dry (NH₄)₂SO₄ seed aerosols.     

造粒流化床颗粒污泥对溶解性有机物的吸附机理研究

造粒流化床对污染物的去除是由混凝沉淀和物理吸附协同作用完成的,然而对于溶解性污染物,混凝沉淀的效果不明显,根据作者的实验分析,物理吸附在溶解性污染的去除中发挥了重要的作用。作者利用静态实验的方法对流化床颗粒对葡萄糖的吸附和扩散传质过程进行了分析,并采用Langmuir方程、Freudlich方程和Weber-Morris颗粒扩散模型对实验数据进行了拟合。结果表明,颗粒对葡萄糖的吸附等温过程与Langmuir方程有很好的吻合性;颗粒对葡萄糖的吸附速度与颗粒内部的扩散过程有很好的相关性。     

联碱厂碳化塔洗水制备磷酸铵镁

采用化学沉淀法,以模拟联碱厂碳化塔洗水为原料,制备磷酸铵镁,并采用SEM和XRD技术对产品的晶形和成分进行分析。通过正交实验和单因素优化实验确定较适宜的反应条件为：反应液pH 9.5,n（Mg）∶n（P）∶n（N）=1.2∶1.1∶1.0,反应温度25 ℃。在此条件下,处理氨氮质量浓度为7 500 mg/L的联碱厂碳化塔洗水,氨氮的利用率为97.4%,制备的磷酸铵镁产物晶形比较规则,呈斜立方正交结构。1 t氨氮质量浓度为7 500 mg/L的联碱厂碳化塔洗水可生产磷酸铵镁0.139 2 t,产品收益约为320.2 元,药剂成本为352.3 元,即废水的处理费用约为32.1 元/t。     

Factors influencing the quality of rural human settlements in a peripheral metropolitan area based on a structural equation model:A case study from Beijing

Rural human settlement is a significant indicator of the living standards of rural residents,and its improvement can contribute to promoting the positive interaction between inhabited environment and the social,economic,and resource environment in the countryside.Based on 557 valid questionnaires of satisfaction evaluation of human settlement in the peripheral metropolitan area of Beijing,this paper analyzed the elemental characteristics and factors influencing human settlement quality using multivariate statistical analysis and a structural equation model.The result shows that,first,the rural residents in a peripheral metropolitan area of Beijing are generally satisfied with the quality of human settlement(satisfaction rate is 66.2%).Specifically,the natural and social environment of the countryside is excellent and harmonious and corresponding standard of countryside infrastructure is advanced,but the quality of public services and follow-up management of facilities are in urgent need of improvement and the imbalance between revenue and expenditure of rural households has led to a continuous increase in the pressures of life.Second,factors such as social atmosphere,appearance of the village,entertainment,living costs,fundamental public services,and production costs have significant effects on human settlement quality in this peripheral metropolitan area,with social atmosphere as the main one.Living costs and supporting services are the main constraints to improvement in the quality of human settlement.     

Catalytic urea hydrolysis by composite metal oxide catalyst towards efficient urea-based SCR process: performance evaluation and mechanism investigation

● Bimetallic oxide composite catalyst was designed for the urea-based SCR process. ● Surface chemical state and typical microstructure of catalyst was determined. ● Reaction route was improved based on intermediates and active site identification. ● TiO₂@Al₂O₃ presents an obvious promotion for urea hydrolysis. As a promising option to provide gaseous NH₃ for SCR system, catalytic urea hydrolysis has aroused great attention, and improving surface area and activity of catalysis are the crucial issues to be solved for efficient urea hydrolysis. Therefore, a composite metal oxide (TiO₂@Al₂O₃) catalyst was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method, with mesoporous alumina (γ-Al₂O₃) as substrate. The results verify the mesoporous structure and submicron cluster of TiO₂@Al₂O₃, with exposed crystal faces of (101) and (400) for TiO₂ and γ-Al₂O₃, respectively. The electronegativity difference of Ti⁴⁺ and Al³⁺ changes the charge distribution scheme around the interface, which provides abundant acid/base sites to boost the urea hydrolysis. Consequently, for an optimal proportioning with nano TiO₂ content at 10 wt.%, the hydrolysis efficiency can reach up to 35.2 % at 100 °C in 2 h, increasing by ~7.1 % than that of the blank experiment. ¹³C NMR spectrum measurements provide the impossible intermediate species during urea hydrolysis. Theoretical calculations are performed to clarify the efficient H₂O decomposition at the interface of TiO₂@Al₂O₃. The result offers a favorable technology for energy-efficiency urea hydrolysis.     

土壤性质对土壤中汞赋存形态的影响

土壤是一个复杂的生态系统,典型相关分析表明,土壤的组成性状对土壤中汞的形态分布影响较大,影响因子主要有ＦＡ,ＨＡ,有机质和碳酸盐含量,土壤粘粒作用较小,土壤有机质表现出很强的表面络合能力。