IKK inhibition prevents PM2.5-exacerbated cardiac injury in mice with type 2 diabetes

Epidemiological studies have found that individuals with diabetes mellitus(DM) display an increased susceptibility for adverse cardiovascular outcomes when exposed to air pollution.This study was conducted to explore the potential mechanism linking ambient fine particles(PM2.5) and heart injury in a Type 2 DM(T2DM) animal model. The KKay mouse, an animal model of T2DM, was exposed to concentrated ambient PM2.5 or filtered air for 8 weeks via a versatile aerosol exposure and concentrator system. Simultaneously, an inhibitor of IκB kinase-2(IKK-a)(IMD-0354), which is a blocker of nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)nuclear translocation, was administrated by intracerebroventricular injection(ICV) to regulate the NF-êB pathway. The results showed that ambient PM2.5 induced the increase of, NF-êB, cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK) expression in cardiac tissue, and that IMD-0354 could alleviate the inflammatory injury. The results suggested that the NF-êB pathway plays an important role in mediating the PM2.5-induced cardiovascular injury in the T2DM model. Inhibiting NFκB may be a therapeutic option in air-pollution-exacerbated cardiovascular injury in diabetes mellitus.     

延安市不稳定斜坡发育特征研究

通过对延安市地质灾害详细调查及统计分析,总结出区内不稳定斜坡发育类型及特征为:结构类型包括黄土不稳定斜坡、基岩不稳定斜坡和黄土-基岩不稳定斜坡,其中以黄土不稳定斜坡为主;变形破坏模式主要分为滑移(蠕滑)-拉裂模式、滑移-压致拉裂模式和弯曲-拉裂模式三类,其中以滑移(蠕滑)-拉裂模式最为普遍;斜坡发展失稳趋势为滑坡和崩塌,其中受斜坡岩土体结构类型、结构面、坡度、坡高及坡型等多因素控制,区内不稳定斜坡发展失稳趋势主要表现为崩塌。     

基于PCR-TGGE技术的餐厨垃圾厌氧消化微生物群落结构解析

为了解不同负荷下单相餐厨垃圾厌氧消化反应器内微生物群落结构演替特征,在单相厌氧消化反应器负荷为2.0～8.5kg·m-·3d-1(以VS计)的不同负荷条件下取样,运用16SrDNA的PCR-TGGE技术对反应器内微生物进行动态追踪.同时,运用Dice系统和NMDS软件对PCR-TGGE图谱进行分析.结果表明,负荷为4.0～6.0kg·m-·3d-1时,微生物群落结构变化不大;负荷为6.0～7.0kg·m-·3d-1时,微生物群落结构变化较为明显;负荷分别为7.0～8.0kg·m-·3d-1及8.5kg·m-·3d-1时,微生物群落结构变化最为明显.纵观整个过程,在餐厨垃圾厌氧消化反应器有机负荷在2.0～8.5kg·m-·3d-1下厌氧反应器内的微生物群落结构存在明显的阶段性演替;负荷为7.0kg·m-·3d-1时微生物群落结构的丰富度最好.     

用黑麦幼苗法测定土壤中污染元素的生物有效性

本文对全国污灌区１２个土样中Ｃｄ形态与生物有效性的试验表明，Ｃｄ的交换态，吸附态，有机结合态均有效，且有机结合态最为有效，对紫阳县富硒土壤的试验表明：黑麦幼苗中的总Ｓｅ量与０．１ｍｏｌ／１ＫＨ２ＰＯ４的浸提量最为相关，从而推荐该法为酸性土壤有效Ｓｅ的浸提方法，对西安污水厂污水污泥在娄土上不同施用量的试验表明：幼苗中Ｎ，Ｐ随施用量增加而增加，Ｎ，Ｐ的有效率分别为５０－７０％及１５－２８％；黑麦幼苗中     

接种降解菌对土壤中邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯降解的影响

邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯〔Di-(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate,DEHP〕是农田土壤中常被检出的有毒有机污染物,在土壤中有较长的持留性,微生物降解是其从土壤中消失的主要途径.本文采用温室盆栽试验研究了接种两株从污水处理厂活性污泥中分离得到的高效DEHP降解菌及其混合菌悬液降解土壤中DEHP污染的效果,以及土壤中添加葡萄糖和种植作物对其降解效率的影响.结果表明,在土壤初始DEHP浓度为100mg kg-1的条件下,接种两种降解菌及其混合菌悬液都可显著提高土壤中DEHP消失的速率,其残留半衰期比不接种对照缩短了32~48d,但在相同条件下接种不同降解菌的处理之间没有显著差异.土壤中添加0.6%的葡萄糖虽然可以强烈地促进土壤微生物的整体活性,但并没有提高修复效率,反而在短期内延缓了降解菌对DEHP的降解,延长了DEHP在土壤中持留的半衰期;植物生长可显著提高降解菌的降解效率,降低土壤中DEHP的残留浓度.研究结果同时也表明,只添加葡萄糖或只种植植物对土壤中DEHP的降解并没有显著的影响.图3表4参14     

多循环CCRs法在分离燃煤锅炉尾部烟气中CO2方面的应用

随着温室效应和全球变暖的加剧,煤燃烧所排出的CO2作为引起温室效应的主要气体而引起人们的密切关注.由于燃煤锅炉所排放的尾气中所含的CO2的体积份额低、排放量大,而且处于微负压状态,因此目前控制和分离吸收CO2的方法,包括各类吸收法、吸附法、膜分离法和O2/CO2燃烧技术等,能够经济可行地适用于电力工业燃煤锅炉尾部烟气中CO2分离的方法非常少.与上述各类方法相比,钙基吸收剂CCRs(calcination/carbonation reactions)法是一种新兴的经济可行的分离燃煤锅炉尾部烟气中CO2的方法.对采用该法时,吸收剂的选择、吸收剂在多次CCRs过程中结构特点的变化、提高吸收剂对CO2的吸收容量以及防止吸收剂反应性的衰减等方面进行了详细的阐述.     

Complete oxidation of methane on Co3O4-SnO2 catalysts

Co₃O₄-SnO₂ hybrid oxides were prepared by the coprecipitation method and were used to oxidate methane (CH₄) in presence of oxygen. The Co₃O₄-SnO₂ with a molar ratio of Co/(Co + Sn) at 0.75 exhibited the highest catalytic activity among all the Co₃O₄-SnO₂ hybrid oxides. Experimental results showed that the catalysts were considerably stable in the CH₄ combustion reaction, and were verified by X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). It was found that Co₃O₄ was the active species, and SnO₂ acted as a support or a promoting component in the Co₃O₄-SnO₂ hybrid oxides. The surface area was not a major factor that affected catalytic activity. The hydrogen temperatureprogrammed reduction (H₂-TPR) results demonstrated that the interaction between cobalt and tin oxides accelerated the mobility of oxygen species of Co₃O₄-SnO₂, leading to higher catalytic activity.     

电气石强化生物接触氧化法处理石化废水

针对石化废水污染成分复杂,可生化性差的特点,研究了电气石对生物接触氧化法处理石化废水效能的影响对处理前后的石化废水进行了GC-MS分析,并对反应器内的载体进行了扫描电镜(SEM)观察在石化废水进水COD和NH₄⁺-N负荷率为0.64～0.72 kg/(m³·d)和0.058～0.072 kg/(m³·d)的条件下,负载电气石系统的启动速度提高,出水COD和NH₄⁺-N去除率分别 增加8.7％和6.4％进水中共检出100种有机物污染物,主要包含芳香烃、酸、酯、酚、醇和烷烃类等化合物.负载电气石的1号反应器对石化废水中有机污染物的去除效果优于未负载电气石的2号反应器,在1号和2号反应器的出水中,有机污染物种类分别是14种和28种反应器内负载电气石的载体上有明显的菌胶团形成,细菌的生物量大电气石能够提高生物接触氧化法处理石化废水的效能     

Screening of indicator pharmaceuticals and personal care products in landfill leachates: a case study in Shanghai,China

● A systematic framework was developed to identify i-PPCPs for landfill leachate. ● The wide-scope target analysis offered a basis for comprehensive i-PPCP screening. ● Source-specificity and representativeness analysis helped to refine i-PPCPs. ● Erythromycin, gemfibrozil and albendazole were identified as i-PPCPs for leachate. Identifying potential sources of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment is critical for the effective control of PPCP contamination. Landfill leachate is an important source of PPCPs in water; however, it has barely been involved in source apportionment due to the lack of indicator-PPCPs (i-PPCPs) in landfill leachates. This study provides the first systematic framework for identifying i-PPCPs for landfill leachates based on the wide-scope target monitoring of PPCPs. The number of target PPCPs increased from < 20 in previous studies to 68 in the present study. Fifty-nine PPCPs were detected, with median concentrations in leachate samples ranging from below the method quantification limit (MQL) to 41 μg/L, and 19 of them were rarely reported previously. A total of 29 target compounds were determined to be PPCPs of high concern by principal component analysis according to multiple criteria, including occurrence, exposure potential, and ecological effect. Coupled with source-specificity and representativeness analysis, erythromycin, gemfibrozil, and albendazole showed a significant difference in their occurrence in leachate compared to other potential sources (untreated and treated municipal wastewater and livestock wastewater) and correlated with total PPCP concentrations; these were recommended as i-PPCPs for leachates. Indicator screening procedure can be used to develop a sophisticated source apportionment method to identify sources of PPCPs from adjacent landfills.