渗滤液污染包气带中铁的形态变化

从渗滤液场龄和包气带岩性两方面出发,研究了新、老渗滤液对亚粘土和细砂包气带环境中Fe的含量及存在形态的影响。结果表明：新、老渗滤液分别能使细砂包气带介质中除残渣态以外Fe的含量增加16.68%或降低13.82%。亚粘土比细砂作为包气带介质更能缓冲渗滤液对介质中Fe的影响程度,其受影响范围在包气带0～20 cm深度处。当亚粘土为介质的包气带被新渗滤液污染后,其表层介质中碳酸盐结合态Fe的含量会增加15倍之多,为缓冲渗滤液Fe的污染做出了巨大贡献,但这部分Fe的存在也是潜在的二次污染源,在环境pH急剧变化的情况下,它可能会引起地下水高铁污染。     

库布齐沙漠油蒿灌丛土壤呼吸速率时空变异特征研究

利用Li-840红外气体分析仪和Li-6400-09土壤呼吸气室组装而成的动态密闭土壤呼吸测定系统,于2006年生长季对内蒙古库布齐沙漠油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)生态系统2种不同类型土壤的土壤呼吸速率进行了野外测定,分析了日动态、季节动态及其对环境因子的响应,并阐述了油蒿灌丛空间异质性的特征.结果表明,油蒿灌丛的土壤呼吸速率日动态呈单峰曲线,在12:00左右有最大值.在适宜的水分和温度条件下,生长季里土壤呼吸速率在7～8月份出现最大值.土壤呼吸速率的季节动态与土壤含水量有显著的相关关系,表明水分是限制生长季干旱区灌丛土壤呼吸的最重要因子,分别可以解释油蒿冠幅下土壤和裸地的土壤呼吸速率2006年主要生长季节(5～9月)变化的75%和77%.油蒿灌丛土壤呼吸速率在空间尺度上存在着显著的异质性.油蒿冠幅覆盖下的土壤呼吸速率季节平均值为(155.58±15.20) mg·(m²·h)^-1,要显著地大于灌丛间裸地的数值(110.50±6.77) mg·(m²·h)^-1.2种不同类型土壤的土壤呼吸速率是由于根生物量的差异引起的,根生物量可以解释2006年生长季库布齐油蒿灌丛土壤呼吸速率空间异质性的43%.结果表明,在植被覆盖度异质性较大的灌丛生态系统中,要准确定量生态系统碳的释放时,必须充分考虑小尺度上土壤呼吸的空间异质性.     

A novel aminated polymeric adsorbent for removing refractory dissolvedorganic matter from landfill leachate treatment plant

Refractory dissolved organic matter (DOM) from landfill leachate treatment plant was with high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content. An aminated polymeric adsorbent NDA-8 with tertiary amino groups and sufficient mesopore was synthesized, which exhibited high adsorption capacity to the DOM (raw water after coagulation). Resin NDA-8 performed better in the uptake of the DOM than resin DAX-8 and A100. Electrostatic attraction was considered as the decisive interaction between the adsorbent and adsorbate. Special attention was paid to the correlation between porous structure and adsorption capacity. The mesopore of NDA-8 played a crucial role during uptake of the DOM. In general, resin in chloride form performed a higher removal rate of DOC. According to the column adsorption test, total adsorption capacity of NDA-8 was calculated to 52.28 mg DOC/mL wet resin. 0.2 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution could regenerate the adsorbent efficiently.     

Analysis of diffusion-adsorption equivalency of landfill liner systems for organic contaminants

The equivalence between multilayered barriers regarding diffusion and adsorption is analyzed by means of an analytical method. The bottom boundary of the liner system is defined by assuming concentration continuous and flux continuous conditions of the contaminant between the bottom liner layer and the underlying soil. Five different liner systems were compared in terms of solute breakthrough time. The results of the analysis show that breakthrough time of the hydrophobic organic compounds for a 2-meter-thick compacted clay liner (CCL) can be 3-4 orders of magnitude greater than the breakthrough time for a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) composite liner. The GM/GCL and GM/CCL composite liner systems provide a better diffusion barrier for the hydrophilic organic compounds than that for the hydrophobic compounds due to their different Henry's coefficient. The calculated breakthrough times of the organic contaminants for the Chinese standard liner systems were found to be generally greater than those for the GCL alternatives, for the specific conditions examined. If the distribution coefficient increases to 2.8 for the hydrophobic compounds or 1.0 for the hydrophilic compounds, the thickness of the attenuation layer needed to achieve the same breakthrough time as the standard liner systems can be reduced by a factor of about 1.9-2.4. As far as diffusive and adsorption contaminant transport are concerned, GM or GCL is less effective than CCL.     

废黄河水质的多元统计分析

用主成分分析的方法,找出影响废黄河2007年水质的主成分,计算各样本的主成分得分,用聚类分析的方法将样本水质分类,结合分类结果及水质综合评分对各样本水质进行评价。     

香料废水治理工程设计与实践

文章对香料废水进行了分析研究,主体工艺采用曝气内电解-固定化UASB-两级接触氧化对某化工有限公司香料废水进行处理,经监测出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中的一级标准,并用曝气内电解专利深处理香料废水,可较大的降低处理运行成本。     

花叶芦竹水平潜流人工湿地脱氮性能研究

采用花叶芦竹水平潜流人工湿地处理生活污水,对其脱氮性能进行研究。结果表明：在HRT＝5 d,对TOC,NH⁺₄-N,NO^-₂-N,NO^-₃-N和TN的去除效果分别达到92％、93％、84％、51％和88％,相应空白湿地的去除率分别为91％、85％、-232％、-203％和66％。大部分TOC在湿地的前端被去除。花叶芦竹可以直接吸收氮素,向湿地输送氧气,通过根系分泌物提供碳源。因此,花叶芦竹人工湿地具有很好的硝化反硝化能力,实现了良好的脱氮性能。     

甲苯对UASB反应器中溶解性微生物产物的影响

以乙酸钠为外加碳源,考察了UASB反应器内甲苯对可溶性微生物产物（SMP）的影响。实验结果表明：低质量浓度（20~70 mg/L）的甲苯对微生物有刺激作用,使得污泥增殖速率变小,SMP的质量浓度也逐渐减少,经过一段时间的驯化后,系统COD和TOC的去除率分别达到93%和94%以上,下降趋势较小;较高质量浓度（70~200 mg/L）的甲苯对微生物有抑制作用,污泥活性下降,反应器运行状况开始恶化,SMP的质量浓度也逐渐增大,经过一段时间的驯化后,系统COD和TOC的去除率分别维持在81%和83%以上;当甲苯质量浓度超过200 mg/L时,表现为污泥活性严重下降,对COD的去除效果极差。     

深圳市秋季大气臭氧立体分布特征

利用大气O₃探测激光雷达在深圳市东部生态区和西部城区同步开展垂直观测,探究了2018年深圳市O₃立体分布在秋季光化学污染活跃期至冬季非活跃期的演变过程.结果表明：光化学反应活跃的10月,东部地面O₃浓度相对于西部地面高出约128%;地面向上至450m,O₃浓度在东部生态区发生快速降低,而在西部城区由于存在“滴定效应”,O₃浓度随高度升高而升高;450m~2km,东、西部O₃浓度均随高度升高而降低,西部城区O₃浓度水平超过东部生态区约30%;2km以上高空,东、西部O₃浓度趋同（70μg/m³）,并保持稳定,为具深圳市秋季O₃污染过程提供了较高的大气背景浓度.高污染期间,深圳市大气边界层内O₃浓度变化较为一致,西部高空的O₃区域传输作用更加显著.秋季至冬季光化学反应逐渐减弱,深圳市O₃浓度的水平和垂直空间差异逐渐减小,冬季的深圳市O₃污染基本受大气背景控制.     

基于多智能体建模方法的人群应急疏散模型构建研究——以腾龙芳烃（漳州）有限公司“4·6”爆炸着火重大事故疏散为例*

为从更微观角度分析人群疏散过程中疏散行为及路网设计对疏散效果的影响,基于腾龙芳烃（漳州）有限公司“4·6”爆炸着火重大事故,构建多智能体人群应急疏散模型,模拟人群中个体群组、惯性、就近、从众、信息传播的行为决策及相互交互影响。结果表明:群组行为会严重影响应急疏散效果,在疏散路网两端避难所附近会出现明显拥堵现象,在疏散路网设计和避难所选择时,应尽可能避免出现极端汇流路段或节点;在应急培训中,应告知群众减少群组行为。研究结果可为人群应急疏散提供借鉴。