黄河三角洲自然保护区国土空间变化遥感监测与评价

为了解人类活动对黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区生态环境的影响,利用2000年至2019年的卫星影像数据,分析了黄河三角洲自然保护区近20年来土地利用的变化情况,并利用开发干扰指数定量分析了土地利用变化对自然保护区的影响。得出主要结论如下:黄河三角洲自然保护区近20年土地利用变化明显,草地、耕地和未利用地等土地利用面积下降,而建设用地（城乡居民点、工矿用地）和水域湿地等面积增加。变化面积占自然保护区总面积的47.0%,减少的草地和耕地等主要转为建设用地、水域湿地,主要表现为实验区内盐田和养殖塘面积的增加。2000年以来黄河三角洲自然保护区开发干扰指数逐年增大,2005年之前人类活动干扰相对轻微;2005年至2016年人类活动干扰剧烈,自然保护区开发干扰指数增加迅速,以盐田和养殖塘的开发为主要影响因素;2016年后自然保护区的监督管理力度加大,开发干扰指数趋于稳定。人类活动干扰呈现从轻微到剧烈再到稳定的过程。     

地下空间向下增层既有-新增双层排桩支护结构鲁棒稳定性研究∗

以既有建筑物地下空间向下增层改造为背景,通过物理模型试验和有限元数值计算的方法对基坑开挖过程中既有?新增双层排桩支护结构鲁棒稳定性进行了分析研究。结果表明：既有支护结构的破坏过程是循序渐进的, 失稳破坏前会发生预警现象,最先发生失稳破坏的地方是随机产生的,这体现了基坑工程施工过程中不确定因素对支护结构变形有较大的影响。既有支护桩与两排桩之间土体的作用类似于重力式挡土墙,开挖至极限开挖深度时二者发生整体式倾覆破坏。既有支护结构失稳破坏时,滑裂面从开挖面附近开始穿过排间土体沿新增支护桩延伸至土体表面。基坑边坡中部滑裂面的影响范围最大,坑角位置处滑裂面的影响范围最小。既有支护桩排局部失稳破坏对支护体系鲁棒稳定性的影响较小,既有支护桩排整体失稳破坏对支护体系鲁棒稳定性的影响较大。     

城市生物多样性问题及保护对策探讨

结合秦皇岛市的实际,对城市生物多样性现状和特点、生物多样性保护存在的问题进行了讨论,并提出了城市生物多样性保护的对策。      

不同组织碳、氮元素含量和同位素分馏特征研究—以抚仙湖草鱼、鱇浪白鱼为例

结合抚仙湖浮游植物、水生植物等样品,对野生植食性草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)31个组织和野生肉食性鱇浪白鱼(Anabarilius grahami)17个组织样品碳、氮元素含量和稳定同位素比值(δ13C、δ15N)进行了对比分析.结果显示,鱼类不同组织的碳稳定同位素分馏效应显著,草鱼不同组织...     

MCM-41介孔分子筛水热结构稳定性对介质阻挡放电脱除甲苯的影响

采用介质阻挡放电(DBD)和MCM-41介孔分子筛结合脱除甲苯,考察了MCM-41介孔分子筛水热结构稳定性与甲苯脱除的关系.XRD表征显示,通过水热合成制备的纯硅MCM-41(Si- MCM-41)和含铝MCM-41(Al-MCM-41)介孔分子筛都具有典型的六方介孔结构,结晶度良好.水热结构稳定性实验显示纯硅MCM-41介孔分子筛的结构最稳定,结晶保留度最高,而含铝MCM-41介孔分子筛则随铝含量的上升结构稳定性下降.介质阻挡放电脱除甲苯实验结果显示,甲苯转化率与MCM-41介孔分子筛水热结构的稳定性保持一致,纯硅MCM-41介孔分子筛脱除甲苯的效率最高.     

树脂及其复合材料在导弹中的失效机理

首先明晰了环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、氰酸酯树脂化学结构与性能之间的内在关系,详细总结了上述树脂及其复合材料在飞行器中的应用情况、存在的主要问题以及改进方向。结合实际应用场景,基于自由基反应机理和扩散理论,重点阐述了环境条件（如温度、湿度、氧气含量、光照）等因素对材料老化以及性能退化的影响机制。从材料的化学结构和物理性能2个层面,结合仪器表征和分子模拟,全面介绍了导弹用复合材料失效的检测与评价方法以及各自优缺点。最后,展望了导弹用树脂及其复合材料性能改进的主要方法、失效机理的有效研究手段。     

Zeolite powder addition to improve the performance of submerged gravitation-filtration membrane bioreactor

In this study, the effect of zeolite powder addition on submerged membrane bioreactor （SMBR） on membrane permeability, and the removals for COD, NH3-N, TN were investigated. Through the parallel operation of control and test systems, it was found that the zeolite powder addition could alleviate the ultra-filtration membrane fouling and enhance the membrane permeability. On the basis of experimental investigations, a concept of ＂protection coating layer＂ was proposed to illustrate the phenomenon of UF membrane fouling. In addition, the removal for COD in test system was more stable, a little higher compared to the control system. Due to the combination of nitrification and ion exchange, a more excellent removal for NH3-N in test system was obtained regardless of influent NH3-N loading rate. It was also found that a mean 25% higher TN removal took place in the test system, and ion exchange and simultaneous nitrification and de-nitrification were analyzed to be main factors. During the stable operation period, the SOURs of test zeolite powder added sludge and control activated sludge were measured to be 75 mgO2/（gMLVSS, h） and 24 mgO2/（gMLVSS, h） respectively, it meant that the zeolite powder addition could enhance the microorganism activity significantly.     

Pilot plant study on ozonation and biological activated carbon process for drinking water treatment

A study on advanced drinking water treatment was conducted in a pilot scale plant taking water from conventional treatment process. Ozonation-biological activated carbon process （O3-BAC） and granular activated carbon process （GAC） were evaluated based on the following parameters： CODMn, UV254, total organic carbon （TOC）, assimilable organic carbon （AOC） and biodegradable dissolved organic carbon （BDOC）. In this test, the average removal rates of CODMn, UV254 and TOC in O3-BAC were 18.2%, 9.0% and 10.2% higher on （AOC） than in GAC, respectively. Ozonation increased 19.3-57.6 μg Acetate-C/L in AOC-P17, 45.6-130.6 μg Acetate-C/L in AOC-NOX and 0.1-0.5 mg/L in BDOC with ozone doses of 2 8 mg/L. The optimum ozone dose for maximum AOC formation was 3 mgO3/L. BAC filtration was effective process to improve biostability.     

Genotoxicity evaluation and a primary risk assessment of organic pollutants in the drinking water sources of Nanjing, China

An increasing number of industrial, agricultural, and commercial chemicals in the aquatic environment leads to various deleterious effects on organisms, which is becoming an increasingly serious problem in China. In this study, the comet assay was conducted to investigate the genotoxicity to human body caused by organic concentrates in the drinking water sources of Nanjing City from Yangtze River of China, and health and ecology risk due to expose to these organic pollutants were evaluated with the multimedia environmental assessment system （MEAS）. For all the water samples, they were collected from four different locations in the drinking water sourcr samples, es of Nanjing City. The results of the comet assay showed that all the organic concentrates from the water samples could induce different levels DNA damages on human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and a statistically significant difference （p〈0.01） was observed compared with the solvent control, which demonstrated the genotoxicity was in existence. According to the ambient severity （AS） of individual compound, we had sorted out the main organic pollutants in the drinking water source of the four waterworks, and the results showed that there was some potential hazard to human body for all the source water, namely the total ambient severity （TAS） of health for each water source was more than 1. However, the TAS of ecology for each water source was less than 1, which indicated that it was safe to ecology. The results of this investigation demonstrate the application of the comet assay and the MEAS in aquatic environmental monitoring studies, and the comet assay found to be fast, sensitive, and suitable for genotoxicity monitoring programs of drinking water source.     

近56 a来中国东部地区雨涝事件时空演变特征

采用1961~2016年1 638站的雨涝次数和雨涝日数年值数据,利用多种数理统计方法,诊断中国东部地区雨涝事件时空演变规律。结果表明：（1）在时间上,1961~2016年中国东部地区的年总雨涝次数和雨涝日数均在波动中呈现出增加趋势。在年代际变化上,1990s的雨涝次数和雨涝日数最多,而1960s~1980s,中国东部地区的雨涝次数和雨涝日数均呈减少趋势。中国东部地区年雨涝次数和雨涝日数存在6 a和30 a的周期振荡特征,并在1991年发生突变。（2）在空间上,1961~2016年中国东部地区气候态和各年代的雨涝次数和雨涝日数主要集中分布在华南、云南西部和南部、江西北部、浙江南部、福建北部、湖南和重庆交界地区、四川北部和辽宁东部地区。（3）在变化趋势和波动特征空间分布上,1961~2016年中国东部地区雨涝次数和雨涝日数在东南沿海地区呈明显增加趋势,而1961~2016年中国东部雨涝次数和雨涝日数波动特征则呈东南低-西北高的空间分异格局。