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111.
Švec Roman Martinát Stanislav Pícha Kamil Klusáček Petr Knotek Jaroslav Schaefer Justin Calvin Březinová Monika Navrátil Josef 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(10):15074-15099
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Our aim is to determine the factors influencing a visitor’s decision to stay in a green accommodation facility. Visitors from six tourist sites... 相似文献
112.
Kamil M. Szafranski Sylvie M. Gaudron Sébastien Duperron 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2014,101(5):373-383
Bacterial symbiont transmission is a key step in the renewal of the symbiotic interaction at each host generation, and different modes of transmission can be distinguished. Vesicomyidae are chemosynthetic bivalves from reducing habitats that rely on symbiosis with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, in which two studies suggesting vertical transmission of symbionts have been published, both limited by the imaging techniques used. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization and transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrate that bacterial symbionts of Isorropodon bigoti, a gonochoristic Vesicomyidae from the Guiness cold seep site, occur intracellularly within female gametes at all stages of gametogenesis from germ cells to mature oocytes and in early postlarval stage. Symbionts are completely absent from the male gonad and gametes. This study confirms the transovarial transmission of symbionts in Vesicomyidae and extends it to the smaller species for which no data were previously available. 相似文献
113.
Bandala ER Andres-Octaviano J Pastrana P Torres LG 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2006,41(5):553-569
Degradation of aldrin (1,2,3,4,10,10-Hexachloro-1,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-1,4:5-8-dimethanonaphthalene), heptachlor (1H-1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methano indene), dieldrin (1aalpha,2beta,2aalpha,3beta,6beta,6aalpha,7beta,7aalpha)-3,4,5,6,9,9-Hexachloro-1a,2,2a,3,6,6a,7,7a-octahydro-2,7:3,6-d-methanonaphtha[2,3-b]oxirene, and heptachlor epoxide (1aalpha, 1bbeta,2alpha,5alpha,5alphabeta,6beta,6aalpha-2,3,4,5,6,7,7-Heptachloro-1a,1b,5,5a,6,6a-hexahydro-2,5-methano-2H-inden[1,2-b]-oxirene) was tested using free cultures of Pseudomonas fluorescens under controlled conditions. Pesticide concentrations were monitored by gas chromatography during 120 h. Percentages of degradation and biodegradation rates (BDR) were calculated. Data showed a trend suggesting a relation between chemical structure and degradability. Degradation kinetics for each pesticide tested showed that the highest degradation rates were found in the first 24 h. Kinetics data were adjusted to an empirical equation in order to predict their behavior, and the correlation coefficients obtained were satisfactory. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of the final extracts allowed the identification of chlordene and monodechlorodieldrin, which have been reported as final metabolite produced in the biodegradation of this kind of compounds. Regarding adsorption of pesticides on activated vegetal carbon, we concluded that removal efficiencies between 95.45 and 97.18% can be reached, depending on the pesticide and the carbon dose applied. The values for K from the Freundlich equation were quite similar for the four pesticides (between 1.0001 and 1.04), whereas the n values were quite different for each pesticide in the following order of affinity: dieldrin > aldrin > heptachlor epoxide > heptachlor. Equilibrium times, very important for scaling up the process, were between 43 min and 1 h, for the heptachlor epoxide and the heptachlor, respectively. 相似文献
114.
The distribution of trace metals (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) was investigated during a year (1994-95) in surface and core sediment samples and in the oyster (Crassotrea rhizophorae) from Bluefields Bay, Nicaragua. the aim was to assess the arthropogenic impact of potential pollutant sources, mainly Bluefields City, since domestic waste waters are discharged directly or by infiltration to the bay. Lyophilised samples were submitted to different acid digestion methods and analysed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. the results showed highest contents for copper, lead and zinc near Bluefields City, with an increase in the affected area in the rainy season that is generated by greater city run off. Metal contents in oysters do not show the same distribution pattern than in sediments and were similar to those from other areas without reflecting pollution levels. 相似文献
115.
116.
Electrona antarctica and Bathylagus antarcticus are dominant fishes in the Southern Ocean pelagic ecosystem with disparate life histories, making them excellent subjects
for comparative studies. Twenty-one indices of nutritional condition were compared in both species by observing changes in
each index as it varied spatially and temporally in association with the marginal ice-zone bloom in the northwestern Weddell
Sea. E. antarctica and B. antarcticus exhibited very different patterns of response to the bloom. Nutritional condition increased in 11 of 21 measures in E. antarctica, suggesting that it was in poorer condition at ice-covered stations and in greatly improved condition in post-bloom, open-water
stations. The data, combined with a few observations of larvae, indicate that E. antarctica increases feeding before the spring bloom, rapidly building stores of lipid, which are probably used for spawning. In contrast,
only three measures of condition were variable in B. antarcticus, and lipid actually decreased from ice-covered to open water. RNA:DNA values increased in open water, coinciding with an
increase in food volume present in their guts. These observations, coupled with observations of larvae in ice-covered stations,
suggest that B. antarcticus possesses sufficient energetic stores to spawn prior to the bloom, so that larvae are able to fully utilize available resources
associated with the spring bloom. Increased somatic growth, as indicated by RNA:DNA, may not begin until later, when the bloom
was beginning to decline. Earlier work, which suggested that the deeper living, non-migrating species, like B. antarcticus, would not be affected by the bloom until after shallower, migratory species, like E. antarctica, is supported. Of the assays tested, RNA:DNA appeared to be the most sensitive. The combined assessment of many measures
including biochemical, compositional, dietary, and age estimates from single specimens is possible if the samples are treated
with sufficient care. The reliance upon a single measure to help interpret the ecology of a species, especially in nekton-sized
species, is not as effective as techniques used in combination.
Received: 12 January 2000 / Accepted: 16 August 2000 相似文献
117.
Nezih Kamil Salihoglu Selnur Ucaroglu Guray Salihoglu 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(4):2100-2109
The compostability of water-based paint sludge originating from the automotive industry was investigated. Six reactors were operated. Wastewater treatment sludge from the same industry was used as additional substrate, and corncob was used as a bulking agent. The level of paint sludge within the compost mixtures varied between 55 and 85%. All reactors yielded a temperature increase up to thermophilic phase levels (>?40 °C) for a minimum of 5 days, and organic matter and C/N losses were observed. BTEX concentrations decreased during composting. Nickel and tin levels in the final product exceeded the legal compost limits. The calorific value of the compost mixtures increased from 9532 to 18774 kJ/kg at the end of the composting process. It was seen that the process applied in this study can be utilized as a biodrying step before the usage of paint sludge at cement kilns as additional fuel. 相似文献
118.
A rapid method for the determination of 90Sr in the presence of 137Cs using the Cherenkov radiation technique is described. The contribution of 137Cs to gross Cherenkov radiation (90Y + 137Cs) was examined for 137Cs /90Sr ratios ranging from 0.09 to 2.50 for 137Cs activities ranging from 2 to 1,211 Bq. Results from direct Cherenkov radiation measurement and results after radiochemical separation of 90Y from 90Sr for samples containing both 90Sr and 137Cs were compared. Errors below 5% were obtained for 137Cs /90Sr ratios lower than 1, when no separation was performed, independently of the activity level. However, errors between 10% and 35% were obtained for 137Cs/90Sr ratios higher than 1. In order to determine 90Sr activity in the presence of 137Cs using the Cherenkov technique, a multiple linear regression analysis model was established to correct the data for 137Cs content. The mathematical correction proposed was validated using 66 artificially contaminated lettuce samples in a laboratory experiment by taking into account the activity levels of 137Cs and 90Sr and the radionuclide ratios. Comparison of mathematically corrected radionuclide ratios with the results obtained without correction shows that, for radionuclide ratios higher than 1, error values for measuring 90Sr activity using the mathematical model were much smaller than when no radiochemical separation was performed. On the other hand, for ratios lower than 1, error values when measuring 90Sr activity with radiochemical separation were smaller than when mathematical correction was performed. In spite of this, the mathematical correction is an appropriate way of reducing the time needed to determine radiostrontium using the Cherenkov radiation technique. The method proposed could be a powerful tool for environmental research whenever the contents of 90Sr and 137Cs have to be determined. 相似文献
119.
Surface soil samples from various altitudes on Tenerife Island, ranging from sea level up to 3400 m above mean sea level, were analyzed to study the distribution of 26 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a remote subtropical area. The stable atmospheric conditions in this island define three vertically stratified layers: marine boundary, trade-wind inversion, and free troposphere. Total PAH concentrations, 1.9 to 6000 microg/kg dry wt., were high when compared with those in tropical areas and in a similar range to those in temperate areas. In the marine boundary layer, fluoranthene (Fla), pyrene (Pyr), benz [a]anthracene (BaA), and chrysene (C + T) were largely dominant. The predominance of Fla over Pyr may reflect photo-oxidative processes during atmospheric transport, although coal combustion inputs cannot be excluded. The PAHs found in higher concentration in the soils from the inversion layer were benzo[b + j]fluoranthene (BbjF) + benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF) > benzo[e]pyrene (BeP) approximately indeno[1,2, 3-cd]pyrene (Ind) > benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) approximately benzo[ghi]perylene (Bghi) > coronene (Cor) approximately dibenz[a,h]anthracene (Dib), reflecting that high temperatures and insolation prevent the accumulation of PAHs more volatile than BbjF in significant amounts. These climatic conditions involve a process of standardization that prevents the identification of specific PAH sources such as traffic, forest fires, or industrial inputs. Only soils with high total organic carbon (TOC) (e.g., 10-30%) preserve the more volatile compounds such as phenanthrene (Phe), methylphenanthrenes (MPhe), dimethylphenanthrenes (DMPhe), and retene (Ret). However, no relation between PAHs and soil TOC and black carbon (BC) was found. The specific PAH distributions of the free tropospheric region suggest a direct input from pyrolytic processes related to the volcanic emission of gases in Teide. 相似文献
120.
This paper presents some recent research work that has beendeveloped for the major Portuguese agglomerations. Threemain topics are developed: the methodology used in Portugalto limit agglomerations (as they are defined by theEuropean Air Quality Framework Directive 96/62/EC), thepreliminary assessment of the air quality levels in themost densely populated agglomerations over the last fiveyears and their influence on the air quality levels acrossthe country (a requirement by Directive 96/62/EC), and theuse of an air quality index to raise public awareness aboutair quality levels. It is concluded that particulate matteris the critical pollutant in Portuguese populated urbanareas. In Lisbon and Oporto, based in 1999 data, in allmonitoring stations, the daily average limit value of 50g m-3 for particulate matter (PM10) isexceeded more times during a year period then allowed byDirective 99/30/EC. In the same areas, nitrogen dioxideconcentrations are above the annual limit value of 40g m-3 for the protection of human health set byDirective 99/30/EC, and influence pollution concentrationswithin a few tens of kilometres surrounding the urbanareas. 相似文献