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81.
de Souza Pereira M Waller U Reifenhäuser W Torres JP Malm O Körner W 《Chemosphere》2007,67(9):1728-1735
Monitoring of immission of persistent organic pollutants in the industrialized area of Volta Redonda (V.R.) and in the National Park of Itatiaia (PNI) in southeast Brazil was performed using an endemic Bromeliad species as biomonitor and measuring total deposition rates on funnels covered with polyurethane foams. Samples were collected during 78 days in V.R. and 95 days in PNI in winter (dry season, June-August 2003) and during 114 days in both areas in summer (rainy season, December 2003-February 2004). The PCDD/PCDF deposition rates ranged from 0.10 to 1.9 pg WHO-TEQ/(m2 day) in winter and from 0.11 to 2.2 pg WHO-TEQ/(m2 day) in summer. Deposition rates found in V.R. in summer were four- to ninefold higher than those measured in PNI, while in winter deposition rates in both regions were in the same range. Deposition rates in V.R. in summer were about five fold lower than those measured in 1996. PCDD/PCDF levels in biomonitor samples were between 0.95 and 14.6 ng WHO-TEQ/kg d.m. in winter and between 2.2 and 5.2 ng WHO-TEQ/kg d.m. in summer. In winter, concentrations found in V.R. were up to 11 times higher than those found in PNI, while in summer the levels measured in both areas were comparable. The homologue and isomer profiles found in the deposition as well as in the biomonitor samples from V.R. indicate that steel production is the main source of contamination in the region, whereas in PNI, the long range transport of these pollutants is the predominant contamination pathway. 相似文献
82.
Sub-soil contamination due to oil spills in six oil-pipeline pumping stations in northern Mexico 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mexico has a very important oil industry, comprehending the exploration, production, transformation, storage and distribution of crude oil and its fractions. Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX) is a state-owned monopoly in charge of these activities. Oil and oil-products transport is an extremely crucial operation for the cycle production-transformation-distribution. Pipeline system transport crude oil and sub-products along the country (including liquids, gases and mixtures). It has been reported that more than 30% of the oil ducts in Mexico have been operating for over 30 years, although their lifetime has been calculated in 25-30 years. This work is aimed at characterizing a zone around six oil-pipeline pumping stations located at northern Mexico. The specific places to evaluate soil contamination were (1) the distribution head of the Gomez Palacio (GOPA) pumping station; (2) the north side of the old ditch, the API oil separator and the wastewater zones of the Jimenez (JIM) pumping station; (3) the pumping stations of Ceballos (CE), Peronal (PER), Simon Bolivar (SIBO), and Mayran (MAY). The study comprehended sampling of the areas, delimitation of contamination in the vertical and horizontal extension, analysis of the sampled soils, regarding TPH and, in some cases, the 16 PAHs considered as a priority by USEPA, calculation of areas and volumes contaminated (according to the Mexican legislation, specifically NOM-EM-138-ECOL-2002) and, finally, a proposal for the best remediation techniques suitable for the encountered contamination levels and the localization of contaminants. In general, TPHs were found in all the pumping stations analyzed in this study. Regarding maximal TPHs concentrations at the stations, their order of contamination was as follows: SIBO>CE>PER>MAY>JIM>GOPA. PAHs were found only in a few points at concentrations above the detection limit. At the Jimenez, Gomez Palacio, Peronal, and Ceballos stations, only one point, with PAHs values over the detection limit was found, whereas two points were found at Mayran, and finally at the Simon Bolivar station there were four points with measurable amounts of PAHs. Given the areas and volumes that need to be treated (32835 m3), as well as the physical position of contaminants, it is considered that excavation of the contaminated soil is feasible and the cleaning process could be soil washing assisted with surfactants, though bioremediation should not been discharged as a possible remediation technique. 相似文献
83.
Dorneles PR Lailson-Brito J Dos Santos RA Silva da Costa PA Malm O Azevedo AF Machado Torres JP 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,148(1):352-359
Regarding Brazilian coast, industrial and urban developments are concentrated along Central South Brazil Bight. Samples from inshore and offshore species from the concerned area were analyzed, comprising 24 cetaceans (9 species) and 32 squids (2 species). Cadmium was determined by GFAAS and our results were in agreement with certified values (DOLT-2, NRCC). Mean cadmium concentration (in microg/g, wet weight) observed in the digestive gland of sexually mature Argentine short-finned squids (Illex argentinus) was 1002.9. To our knowledge this is the highest cadmium level ever reported for a cephalopod. Concerning cetaceans, our results include one of the highest renal cadmium concentrations described for striped dolphins (71.29 microg/g, wet weight). Anthropogenic action, upwelling and cannibalism of Argentine short-finned squid on the studied area are possible reasons for such remarkable cadmium concentrations. 相似文献
84.
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86.
A project to characterize the radionuclide and chemical components in natural spring waters in the vicinity of Saratoga Springs, New York (USA) has been completed. As a result of the measured radionuclide and chemical content, eight springs were labeled as mineral waters, whereas three springs contained very low concentrations of these components. The mineral waters were highly enriched in alkaline and alkaline-earth elements, as well as chloride ions. Three isotopes of radium ((224)Ra, (226)Ra, (228)Ra) were detected in the mineral waters and reached concentrations of 1, 20, and 2 Bq/L, respectively. Overall, the (226)Ra isotope constituted about 80% of the total radioactivity measured in the water samples. Dissolved uranium concentrations in the mineral waters were very low (mean approximately 50 mBq/L). 相似文献
87.
Large‐scale infrastructure projects commonly have large effects on the environment. The planned construction of the Nicaragua Canal will irreversibly alter the aquatic environment of Nicaragua in many ways. Two distinct drainage basins (San Juan and Punta Gorda) will be connected and numerous ecosystems will be altered. Considering the project's far‐reaching environmental effects, too few studies on biodiversity have been performed to date. This limits provision of robust environmental impact assessments. We explored the geographic distribution of taxonomic and genetic diversity of freshwater fish species (Poecilia spp., Amatitlania siquia, Hypsophrys nematopus, Brycon guatemalensis, and Roeboides bouchellei) across the Nicaragua Canal zone. We collected population samples in affected areas (San Juan, Punta Gorda, and Escondido drainage basins), investigated species composition of 2 drainage basins and performed genetic analyses (genetic diversity, analysis of molecular variance) based on mitochondrial cytb. Freshwater fish faunas differed substantially between drainage basins (Jaccard similarity = 0.33). Most populations from distinct drainage basins were genetically differentiated. Removing the geographic barrier between these basins will promote biotic homogenization and the loss of unique genetic diversity. We found species in areas where they were not known to exist, including an undescribed, highly distinct clade of live bearing fish (Poecilia). Our results indicate that the Nicaragua Canal likely will have strong impacts on Nicaragua's freshwater biodiversity. However, knowledge about the extent of these impacts is lacking, which highlights the need for more thorough investigations before the environment is altered irreversibly. 相似文献
88.
Spatial water quality assessment of Langat River Basin (Malaysia) using environmetric techniques 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Hafizan Juahir Sharifuddin M. Zain Mohd Kamil Yusoff T. I. Tengku Hanidza A. S. Mohd Armi Mohd Ekhwan Toriman Mazlin Mokhtar 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,173(1-4):625-641
This study investigates the spatial water quality pattern of seven stations located along the main Langat River. Environmetric methods, namely, the hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA), the discriminant analysis (DA), the principal component analysis (PCA), and the factor analysis (FA), were used to study the spatial variations of the most significant water quality variables and to determine the origin of pollution sources. Twenty-three water quality parameters were initially selected and analyzed. Three spatial clusters were formed based on HACA. These clusters are designated as downstream of Langat river, middle stream of Langat river, and upstream of Langat River regions. Forward and backward stepwise DA managed to discriminate six and seven water quality variables, respectively, from the original 23 variables. PCA and FA (varimax functionality) were used to investigate the origin of each water quality variable due to land use activities based on the three clustered regions. Seven principal components (PCs) were obtained with 81% total variation for the high-pollution source (HPS) region, while six PCs with 71% and 79% total variances were obtained for the moderate-pollution source (MPS) and low-pollution source (LPS) regions, respectively. The pollution sources for the HPS and MPS are of anthropogenic sources (industrial, municipal waste, and agricultural runoff). For the LPS region, the domestic and agricultural runoffs are the main sources of pollution. From this study, we can conclude that the application of environmetric methods can reveal meaningful information on the spatial variability of a large and complex river water quality data. 相似文献
89.
Huseyin Yilmaz Kamil Bostan Nuri Turan Karlo Muratoglu Aysun Yilmaz Ayşe A. Ozkul Bekir Kocazeybek Christopher Helps 《Food and environmental virology》2010,2(2):64-68
Norovirus (NoV) is recognised as one of the most common causes of foodborne infections, and shellfish are a well-documented
source of this virus. The presence of NoV in shellfish has not previously been investigated in Turkey, and hence the aim of
this study was to determine the frequency of human NoV genogroups I and II in mussels collected from the Bosphorus, Istanbul,
Turkey. A total of 320 mussels representing 110 samples originating along the Bosphorus coast were collected from fish distributors.
RNA was extracted using the RNeasy Mini Kit and real-time RT–PCR performed using primers specific for NoV genogroup I and
II. Amongst the 110 samples, 5 (4.5%) were found to be positive for NoV genogroup II by SYBR Green assay; no genogroup I was
detected. A positive signal was obtained by SYBR Green for NoV Genogroup II in mussels collected in October, November and
December 2008, and February and July 2009. Only four out of five SYBR Green positive samples could be confirmed by the use
of a NoV GII probe-based real-time RT–PCR. The average count and SD of Enterobactericaeae, E. coli and sulphide reductase anaerobic bacteria in PCR positive mussels were 3.56 log ± 0.96 log, 2.32 log ± 0.77 log and 1.70
log ± 0.56 log, respectively. This study shows that NoV Genogroup II is present in mussels collected from the Bosphorus, Istanbul,
and may constitute a risk to human health. 相似文献
90.
When both parents provide offspring care, equal sharing of costly parental duties may enhance reproductive success. This is
crucial for longlived species, where increased parental effort in current reproduction profoundly affects future reproduction.
Indication of reproductive value or willingness to invest in reproduction may promote matching responses by mates, thus reducing
the conflict over care. In birds with biparental care, blue-green eggshell color may function as a signal of reproductive
value that affects parental effort, as predicted by the signaling hypothesis of blue-green eggshell coloration. However, this
hypothesis has not been explored during incubation, when the potential stimulus of egg color is present, and has been little
studied in longlived birds. We experimentally studied if egg color affected incubation patterns in the blue-footed booby,
a longlived species with biparental care and blue eggs. We exchanged fresh eggs between nests of the same laying date and
recorded parental incubation effort on the following 4 days. Although egg color did not affect male effort, original eggshell
color was correlated with pair matching in incubation. Exchanged eggshell color did not affect incubation patterns. This suggests
that biliverdin-based egg coloration reflects female quality features that are associated with pair incubation effort or that
blue-footed boobies mate assortatively high-quality pairs incubating more colorful clutches. An intriguing possibility is
that egg coloration facilitates an equal sharing of incubation, the signal being functional only during a short period close
to laying. Results also suggest that indication of reproductive value reduces the conflict over care. 相似文献