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21.
Ronaldo Sousa Tadeusz Zając Dariusz Halabowski Olga V. Aksenova Yulia V. Bespalaya Francisco Carvalho Paulo Castro Karel Douda Janine P. da Silva Noé Ferreira-Rodríguez Juergen Geist Clemens Gumpinger Anna M. Labecka Jasna Lajtner Iga Lewin Manuel Lopes-Lima Alexandra Meira Keiko Nakamura Joana Garrido Nogueira Paz Ondina Małgorzata Ożgo Joaquim Reis Nicoletta Riccardi Spase Shumka Mikhail O. Son Amílcar Teixeira Frankie Thielen Maria Urbańska Simone Varandas Niklas Wengström Katarzyna Zając Alexandra Zieritz David C. Aldridge 《Conservation biology》2023,37(2):e13994
Europe has a long history of human pressure on freshwater ecosystems. As pressure continues to grow and new threats emerge, there is an urgent need for conservation of freshwater biodiversity and its ecosystem services. However, whilst some taxonomic groups, mainly vertebrates, have received a disproportionate amount of attention and funds, other groups remain largely off the public and scientific radar. Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia, Unionida) are an alarming example of this conservation bias and here we point out six conceptual areas that need immediate and long-term attention: knowledge, threats, socioeconomics, conservation, governance and education. The proposed roadmap aims to advance research, policy and education by identifying the most pressing priorities for the short- and long-term conservation of freshwater mussels across Europe. 相似文献
22.
Tomáš Cajthaml Zdena K?esinová Kate?ina Svobodová Karel Sigler Tomáš ?ezanka 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(12):3325-3335
Natural estrogens such as estrone, 17β-estradiol, estriol, and the particularly recalcitrant synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol used as oral contraceptive, accumulate in the environment and may give rise to health problems. The processes participating in their removal from soil, wastewater, water-sediments, groundwater-aquifer material, and wastewater or sewage treatment plant effluents may involve the action of bacterial and microbial consortia, and in some cases fungi and algae. This review discusses the different efficiencies of bacterial degradation of 17α-ethinylestradiol under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, the role of sulfate-, nitrate-, and iron-reducing conditions in anaerobic degradation, and the role of sorption. The participation of autotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria in cometabolic degradation of estrogens, the estrogen-degrading action of ligninolytic fungi and their extracellular enzymes (lignin peroxidase, manganese-dependent peroxidase, versatile peroxidase, laccase), and of algae are discussed in detail. 相似文献
23.
Goemans M Clarysse P Joannès J De Clercq P Lenaerts S Matthys K Boels K 《Chemosphere》2003,50(4):489-497
The engineering, construction, performance and running costs of a catalytic flue gas cleaning component in the low dust area of a municipal waste incinerator is discussed. For this purpose, the case study of a Flemish incineration plant is presented, covering the history, the design procedure of the catalyst, relevant process data and the financial aspects. A reliable PCDD/F-destruction by means of oxidation by the catalyst to typical values of 0.001 ng TEQ/Nm3 has been demonstrated. At the same time, NO(chi)- and CO-emissions are reduced by 90% and 20% to about 50 mg/N m3 andbelow 10 mg/N m3, respectively. 相似文献
24.
25.
Ivan Jarić Céline Bellard Ricardo A. Correia Franck Courchamp Karel Douda Franz Essl Jonathan M. Jeschke Gregor Kalinkat Lukáš Kalous Robert J. Lennox Ana Novoa Raphaël Proulx Petr Pyšek Andrea Soriano–Redondo Allan T. Souza Reut Vardi Diogo Veríssimo Uri Roll 《Conservation biology》2021,35(2):447-451
26.
Validation of an ecosystem modelling approach as a tool for ecological effect assessments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In ecotoxicology, derivation of a "safe" environmental concentration is usually achieved by the use of extrapolation factors or by statistical extrapolation from a set of single species toxicity data. These approaches ignore ecological interactions between species in the field. An ecology-based alternative to this pragmatic approach can be ecosystem modelling, which can account for ecological interactions. However, it is largely unexplored how well the predictions of these models quantitatively agree with large-scale experimental studies. Therefore, we evaluated the capacity of a flexible ecosystem model to predict population and ecosystem-level no observed effect concentrations (NOECs) of 7 organic toxicants. These NOECs were compared with population and ecosystem-NOECs observed in 11 micro- and mesocosm studies. For each of the latter studies, the model was customized to account for the specific ecological interactions within these systems and combined with appropriate single-species toxicity data from literature. Population-NOEC predictions were accurate, or at least protective, for 60, and 85% of all considered model populations, respectively. For all 11 studies, a protective ecosystem-NOEC could be derived, being accurate in 7 cases, and conservative in 4 cases. In general, it can be stated that this type of models can serve as an ecology-based alternative to current extrapolation techniques in EEAs and water quality standard setting. 相似文献
27.
Kebonye Ndiye M. Eze Peter N. John Kingsley Agyeman Prince C. Němeček Karel Borůvka Luboš 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(2):369-385
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Environmental pollution by potentially toxic element (PTE) and the associated health risks in humans are increasingly becoming a global challenge. The... 相似文献
28.
One hundred and two white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) stands were studied in the Sub-boreal Spruce zone of British Columbia and were quantitatively classified into seven soil moisture regimes (moderately dry, slightly dry, fresh, moist, very moist, wet, and very wet) according to actual/potential evapotranspiration ratio, depth to gleyed layer or prominent mottling, and depth to groundwater table. The delineated soil moisture regimes demonstrated strong relationships with the composition of understory vegetation and white spruce foliar nutrients and site index. These relationships implied that the three differentiating characteristics used in the classification provided a good estimation of growing-season soil water supply. In addition to soil moisture regimes, three soil aeration regimes (adequate, restricted, and deficient) were delineated according to presence or absence of gleyed horizons and groundwater table, slope gradient, and soil texture. These soil aeration regimes helped in explaining the variation in white spruce site index, especially on water-surplus sites. Thus, an integrated classification of soil moisture-aeration regimes was proposed to explain the effect of soil moisture and aeration on white spruce productivity.The results of this study gave further evidence that soil moisture and aeration regimes, differentiated on the basis of climatic data and soil morphological properties, are useful measures of soil moisture and aeration conditions in sub-boreal forest soils. 相似文献
29.
Spontaneous vegetation succession at different central European mining sites: a comparison across seres 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Karel Prach Kamila Lencová Klára Řehounková Helena Dvořáková Alena Jírová Petra Konvalinková Ondřej Mudrák Jan Novák Romana Trnková 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(11):7680-7685
We performed detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) ordination to compare seven successional seres running in stone quarries, coal mining spoil heaps, sand and gravel pits, and extracted peatlands in the Czech Republic in central Europe. In total, we obtained 1,187 vegetation samples containing 705 species. These represent various successional stages aged from 1 to 100 years. The successional seres studied were more similar in their species composition in the initial stages, in which synathropic species prevailed, than in later successional stages. This vegetation differentiation was determined especially by local moisture conditions. In most cases, succession led to a woodland, which usually established after approximately 20 years. In very dry or wet places, by contrast, where woody species were limited, often highly valuable, open vegetation developed. Except in the peatlands, the total number of species and the number of target species increased during succession. Participation of invasive aliens was mostly unimportant. Spontaneous vegetation succession generally appears to be an ecologically suitable and cheap way of ecosystem restoration of heavily disturbed sites. It should, therefore, be preferred over technical reclamation. 相似文献
30.
Karel F. Mulder 《Sustainability Science》2007,2(2):253-263
Society needs to adapt in order to provide the wealth that an increasing part of the world population is getting used to.
We are on a track to ecological and resource collapse if actions are not taken soon. Technology will have to play a key role
in the process of changing industrial society. But innovation has to be embedded in social and organizational innovation.
We need sociotechnical change. Environmentally conscious design has been practiced in engineering design for more than a decade.
Its merits are sometimes blamed as futile, as the world has not witnessed a significant contribution to the solution of the
larger (global) problems. This paper first sketches a scheme of the various levels of technological change, ranging from:
(1) incremental optimizations of single artifacts, to (2) major change of artifacts, (3) systems change, and (4) technological
transitions (involving changes in production and consumption). It outlines the stakeholders involved in these types of innovations
and the parties that could orchestrate the innovation process. In this paper, It is argued that the most encompassing level
of technological innovation, the level of transition, is crucial for achieving long-term sustainable development, as it has
the largest potential for improvement. However, transition is not very well manageable. The paper contains a review of the
literature regarding the occurrence of technological transitions. After a transition has occurred, the new system is often
not efficient. Its gains in terms of diminished resource consumption or pollution have to be enlarged by less encompassing
innovation strategies, such as systems innovations and product optimization. Transitions for sustainable development are often
impossible, as the new systems have to compete with fully developed and optimized systems that have far advanced at the learning
curve, i.e., are optimized by various systems and incremental innovations. Less encompassing levels of innovation, even those
that aim at more sustainability, can counteract transitions that have more potential for sustainable development by improving
the competing (unsustainable) technology. The paper will give several examples of this dilemma and some guidelines for developing
government policies as well as corporate strategies. On the policy level, it is argued that it is especially important to
develop (scope for) market niches for new sustainable systems and products as they create scope for experiments that could
lead to transitions.
相似文献
Karel F. MulderEmail: |