北固山湿地土壤氮磷的空间分布特征

镇江北固山湿地是一以芦苇(Phragmites australis)和虉草(Phalaris arundinacea L.)为优势植物的滨江湿地,土壤中氮磷空间分布对了解湿地水体的富营养化具有重要意义.在北固山湿地的典型区域内布点采样,对土壤中氮磷进行分析,研究了湿地土壤氮磷水平变异性及氮磷在不同植被区土壤中的空间分布规律.结果表明:北固山湿地全氮主要分布在0～60 cm土壤层,表层土壤中全磷质量分数显著高于下层土壤.土壤各层次全磷的水平变异性普遍高于全氮,尤其在20～40 cm土壤层全磷的变异系数达到52.34%,说明氮素在各层次分布相对均匀.植被类型对土壤中氮磷的空间分布有较大影响,虉草区各土壤层全氮、全磷质量分数均高于芦苇区,其0～20 cm和20～40 cm土壤层全磷质量分数亦高于空地.受污水排放、内江水冲洗等作用,污染空地及三个排污口全氮、全磷质量分数分别呈现不同的空间变化规律.研究结果为湿地生态恢复和生态清淤提供参考.     

橡胶促进剂生产废水处理工艺设计

对多种橡胶促进剂生产过程中产生的废水按特征因子的不同进行分质处理。其中,高盐废水采用蒸发的方法进行脱盐预处理;高浓度废水采用微电解_Fenton氧化-絮凝沉淀法进行预处理;难处理废水进行预处理后,与中低浓度废水混合后进入生物处理,生物处理采用水解酸化、ABR、氧化沟联合处理工艺,处理后出水可达到国家污水综合排放三级标准。     

The kinetic of the catalytic decomposition of methyl isobutyl ketone over a Pt/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst

Environmental catalysis also can refer to catalytic technologies for reducing emission of environmentally unacceptable compounds. Catalytic decomposition also is one of the cost-effective technologies to solve the troublesome volatile organic compounds. This study treated methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) by a commercial catalyst, Pt/gamma-Al(2)O(3), in an isothermal fixed bed differential reactor. The effects of O(2) and MIBK content in carrier gas on the catalysis's reaction rate are also observed. Three kinetic models, i.e. the Mars and van Krevelen model, Langmuir-Hinshelwood model and power-rate law were applied to best fit the experimental results. The results indicate that the kinetic behavior of MIBK oxidation with catalysis can be accounted for by using the rate expression of the Mars and van Krevelen model and Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. Kinetic parameters are also determined on the basis of the differential reactor data. The experimental results are compared with those of the model predicted.     

Effect of pre-hydrolysis on floc structure

Morphological changes in flocs were elucidated by small-angle light scattering, free settling tests and microscopic observation to determine the effects of pre-hydrolysis (alkaline treatment and ultrasonication) on two sludges--primary raw sludge from the Malabar Sewage Treatment Plant, Sydney (sludge M) and biological sludge collected at the nitrogen removal unit of St Marys Sewage Treatment Plant in Sydney (sludge S). Ultrasonication or alkaline treatment released a marked amount of insoluble organic matter in a soluble form. The latter treatment was more efficient than the former. Meanwhile, the pre-hydrolyzed flocs had more compact structures than the original ones, as shown by their higher free-settling fractal dimension, lower areal porosity and smaller internal pores. In particular, alkaline treatment yielded flocs with more compact interiors than did ultrasonication. Such detailed structural information could not be elicited by monitoring the change in floc size. The greater resistance to mass transfer of the hydrolyzed flocs thus produced does not reduce the efficiency of subsequent digestion, indicating that the surface reaction rate on the solid surface might have dominated since the pre-hydrolysis steps modified the local chemical environment to promote digestion.     

Upgrading the conventional grease trap using a tube settler

Grease traps are widely used by most restaurants and food processing industries in Hong Kong to reduce oil and grease to an acceptable level before it can be discharged to public sewers. To meet demanding effluent standards in the future, it is necessary to polish the effluent by upgrading the conventional trap design. This study evaluated the possibility of upgrading traditional grease traps by installing tube settlers inside the trap. Their efficiency of removing chemical oxygen demand (COD) and oil/grease was examined to justify the performance. It was found that installing a tube settler is a feasible and cheap way to upgrade the conventional grease trap, since it improved oil/grease removal efficiency by 8-10% compared to the conventional design. In addition, a remarkable improvement in COD removal was observed following a very short hydraulic detention time after the installation of tube settlers. This ensured acceptable effluent quality under peak flowrates. Two mathematical models were also proposed to facilitate trap design.     

Application of proteomics in environmental science

Proteomics involves the separation of proteins, identification of the amino acid sequence of the interested or target proteins, study of the function of the proteins, modification, structure and ultimate assignments to functional pathways in the cell. The proteomic investigations have contributed greatly to human diseases studies, new drugs discovery researches, and environmental science in recent years. This article provides a review on the development of the main proteomic technologies, including both the gel based and non-gel based technologies, and their applications in environmental science. Proteomic technologies have been utilized in the environmental stresses studies to analyze the induction or reduction of proteins at expression level and identify the target proteins to investigate their function in response to environmental stresses, such as high or low pH, oxidation stress, and toxic chemicals. Such protein responses are also helpful to understand the mechanisms of some cellular activities and the functions of some proteins.     

基于污染物总量控制的流域预警体系构建研究

文章通过对中国目前水环境质量现状分析,指出流域环境预警体系建立的必要性,并选择总量控制指标作为预警体系的评价指标。利用层次分析法建立基于污染物总量控制的流域预警体系,确定预警因子的权重和评分标准。设立临界状态,不良状态预警、缓慢恶化预警和迅速恶化预警4个级别,为建立流域环境质量预警体系提供借鉴。     

Effects of continuously regenerating diesel particulate filters on regulated emissions and number-size distribution of particles emitted from a diesel engine

The effects of continuously regenerating diesel particulate filter (CRDPF) systems on regulated gaseous emissions, and number-size distribution and mass of particles emanated from a diesel engine have been investigated in this study. Two CRDPF units (CRDPF-1 and CRDPF-2) with di erent specifications were separately retrofitted to the engine running with European steady-state cycle (ESC). An electrical low pressure impactor (ELPI) was used for particle number-size distribution measurement and mass estimation. The conversion/reduction rate (RCR) of hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) across CRDPF-1 was 83% and 96.3%, respectively. Similarly, the RCR of HC and CO and across CRDPF-2 was 91.8% and 99.1%, respectively. The number concentration of particles and their concentration peaks; nuclei mode, accumulation mode and total particles; and particle mass were highly reduced with the CRDPF units. The nuclei mode particles at downstream of CRDPF-1 and CRDPF-2 decreased by 99.9% to 100% and 97.8% to 99.8% respectively; and the particle mass reduced by 73% to 92.2% and 35.3% to 72.4%, respectively, depending on the engine conditions. In addition, nuclei mode particles increased with the increasing of engine speed due to the heterogeneous nucleation initiated by the higher exhaust temperature, while accumulation mode particles were higher at higher loads due to the decrease in the air-to-fuel ratio (A/F) at higher loads.     

排污权交易初始价格定价方案研究

排污权交易初始分配价格的合理性将在很大程度上决定排污权交易市场的活跃程度,并使排污权交易更好地发挥市场经济手段的最大效用。初始价格的确定依据应为结合排污权时限及贴现率下的不同污染物的社会平均污染治理成本,并兼顾区域经济发展、行业水平、企业公平等因素。文章从定价方式、时限、发布与调整机制、配套措施等方面研究排污权初始价格的定价方案;并以某市为例,通过调查排污量占全市排污量85%以上的企业的污染治理成本,根据所研究的方案获得该市COD、SO2等排污权交易初始分配价格。     

开发建设广西合山国家矿山公园——对资源枯竭型城市经济转型战略的探讨

经济转型是资源枯竭型城市必须面对的重大问题.本文以广西合山市为例,分析了资源型城市转型的必要性及战略方式,探讨了经济转型的可行性,并提出了矿山公园的建设规划及效益分析,可为同类型城市的经济转型及矿业遗迹合理开发提供借鉴.