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871.
Sulfur deposition simulations over China, Japan, and Korea: a model intercomparison study for abating sulfur emission 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Cheol-Hee Kim Lim-Seok Chang Fan Meng Mizuo Kajino Hiromasa Ueda Yuanhang Zhang Hye-Young Son Jong-Jae Lee Youjiang He Jun Xu Keiichi Sato Tatsuya Sakurai Zhiwei Han Lei Duan Jeong-Soo Kim Suk-Jo Lee Chang-Keun Song Soo-Jin Ban Shang-Gyoo Shim Young Sunwoo Tae-Young Lee 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(9):4073-4089
In response to increasing trends in sulfur deposition in Northeast Asia, three countries in the region (China, Japan, and Korea) agreed to devise abatement strategies. The concepts of critical loads and source?Creceptor (S?CR) relationships provide guidance for formulating such strategies. Based on the Long-range Transboundary Air Pollutants in Northeast Asia (LTP) project, this study analyzes sulfur deposition data in order to optimize acidic loads over the three countries. The three groups involved in this study carried out a full year (2002) of sulfur deposition modeling over the geographic region spanning the three countries, using three air quality models: MM5-CMAQ, MM5-RAQM, and RAMS-CADM, employed by Chinese, Japanese, and Korean modeling groups, respectively. Each model employed its own meteorological numerical model and model parameters. Only the emission rates for SO2 and NOx obtained from the LTP project were the common parameter used in the three models. Three models revealed some bias from dry to wet deposition, particularly the latter because of the bias in annual precipitation. This finding points to the need for further sensitivity tests of the wet removal rates in association with underlying cloud?Cprecipitation physics and parameterizations. Despite this bias, the annual total (dry plus wet) sulfur deposition predicted by the models were surprisingly very similar. The ensemble average annual total deposition was 7,203.6?±?370 kt S with a minimal mean fractional error (MFE) of 8.95?±?5.24?% and a pattern correlation (PC) of 0.89?C0.93 between the models. This exercise revealed that despite rather poor error scores in comparison with observations, these consistent total deposition values across the three models, based on LTP group's input data assumptions, suggest a plausible S?CR relationship that can be applied to the next task of designing cost-effective emission abatement strategies. 相似文献
872.
Lee Hyun-Kyu Choi Jung-Weon Kim Jin-Hee Kim Cho-Rong Choi Sang-June 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(31):42014-42023
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Composite beads consisting of Ca alginate mixed with zinc ferrocyanide (ZnFC) and Cyanex 272 were synthesized in order to selectively adsorb Cs+ and... 相似文献
873.
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Although particulate matter (PM) is composed of various chemicals, investigations regarding the toxicity that results from mixing the substances in PM are... 相似文献
874.
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - This study was initiated to develop a model specialized to conduct human risk assessments (HRAs) of abandoned metal mine areas in Korea. The Korean guideline... 相似文献
875.
Geonha Kim Saikat Chowdhury Yen-min Lin Chih-Jen Lu 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2017,39(2):293-305
Environmental site assessments are frequently executed for monitoring and remediation performance evaluation purposes, especially in total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH)-contaminated areas, such as gas stations. As a key issue, reproducibility of the assessment results must be ensured, especially if attempts are made to compare results between different institutions. Although it is widely known that uncertainties associated with soil sampling are much higher than those with chemical analyses, field guides or protocols to deal with these uncertainties are not stipulated in detail in the relevant regulations, causing serious errors and distortion of the reliability of environmental site assessments. In this research, uncertainties associated with soil sampling and sample reduction for chemical analysis were quantified using laboratory-scale experiments and the theory of sampling. The research results showed that the TPH mass assessed by sampling tends to be overestimated and sampling errors are high, especially for the low range of TPH concentrations. Homogenization of soil was found to be an efficient method to suppress uncertainty, but high-resolution sampling could be an essential way to minimize this. 相似文献
876.
Eujin Julia Kim 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2018,61(9):1612-1630
Brownfield programs in the USA now use bottom–up approaches where the principle agent is no longer federal but local government. Although the approaches by federal government to manage national priority sites are well established, clear approaches for local brownfields and to engage nearby communities are difficult to find. This study sought to determine whether the current approaches adopted by local municipalities are effective and identify the challenges experienced to develop guidelines tailored to meet the needs of local projects. The results revealed that the effectiveness of local brownfield programs is often challenged by the existing normative assessment procedure utilized by the federal government. Experts’ interviews provided evidence that legislation set up to eliminate contamination is actually hurting efforts to reuse lightly polluted local sites. The challenges were associated with outreach activities, particularly those involving reluctant property owners and developers. Community residents had only a minimal opportunity to participate in decision-making. 相似文献
877.
Kim YS Jeong CS Seong GT Han IS Lee YS 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2010,31(5):687-693
The diurnal vertical migration of Cochlodinium polykrikoides (C. polykrikoides), which caused a red tide in the Korean coastal waters of the East Sea/Sea of Japan in September 2003, was examined by determining the time-dependent changes in the density of living cells in relation to the depth of the water column. The ascent of this species into the surface layer (depth of water 2 m) occurred during 1400-1500. The descent started at 1600 and a high distribution rate (86%) at 15-20 m was observed at 0300. During the ascent, the cells were widely distributed at each depth level from 0600 hr and at 0800-1100, the cells were primarily distributed in the middle layer (0-6 m). The concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen was generally < or = 2.86 micromol l(-1), but at 1400-1500, the concentration in the surface layer reduced to < or = 0.14 micromol l(-1). Moreover, the concentration gradually increased as the depth increased to > or = 5 m. These results showed that the nutrient-consumption rate associated with the proliferation of C. polykrikoides during a red tide is more influenced by the inorganic-nitrogen resources ratherthan the inorganic-phosphorus compounds. 相似文献
878.
Kitirote Wantala Suthipong Sthiannopkao Bang-orn Srinameb Nurak Grisdanurak Kyoung Woong Kim 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2010,32(4):261-266
Rice husk (RH) agro-waste was used as a raw material for synthesizing mesoporous molecular sieves, MCM-41. The Fe-MCM-41 was
prepared by the hydrothermal technique (HT), resulting in a higher surface area and crystallinity than when prepared under
ambient conditions. In addition, a hexagonal structure was clearly seen with hydrothermal technique (HT) preparation. The
adsorption of arsenate by HT-Fe-MCM-41 was investigated. The factors studied affecting arsenate adsorption capacity were ferric
content in MCM-41, contact time, pH of solution, and initial arsenate concentration. It was found that HT-Fe-MCM-41 at the
Si/Fe mole ratio of 10 gave the highest adsorption capacity. Arsenate adsorption reached equilibrium within 4 h. The adsorption
capacity of HT-Fe-MCM-41 (Si/Fe = 10) was affected by the initial pH value and the initial arsenate concentration. The adsorption
capacity was highest at pH 3 and decreased thereafter with increases in the pH of solution value. The Langmuir model fit the
arsenate adsorption isotherm well. The maximum adsorption capacity for arsenate was 1,111 μg g−1. 相似文献
879.
Miran Kim Robert W. Furness Ruedi G. Nager 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(7):1087-1097
Hatching asynchrony is widespread amongst animals, but no consensus has yet emerged as to why asynchronous hatching has evolved.
It is generally thought to have adaptive benefits during the raising of dependent young. However, here, we considered an alternative
view of hatching asynchrony in birds as a consequence of factors acting at the onset of incubation. We recorded parental nest
attendance behaviour during laying using continuous records of nest temperature in herring gulls, Larus argentatus. We tested whether nest attendance during laying was related to individual factors (clutch size and diet) and whether it
had consequences on fitness outcomes (hatching spread, incubation period, hatching success and chick survival). Low nest attendance
was associated with small clutch size, and independent of clutch size, pairs on a more marine diet had lower nest attendance
than pairs on a lower trophic level terrestrial diet, possibly due to higher foraging effort for marine food. Broods hatched
more asynchronous where pairs had a lower nest attendance during laying or took longer to complete a clutch and where the
last egg took longer to hatch. Low nest attendance was also related to shorter incubation periods, possibly representing a
strategy of birds in poor condition to reduce the demand of incubation by reducing the length of incubation. We found that
low nest attendance during laying and increasing hatching asynchrony had detrimental effects on hatching success for small
eggs laid early in the laying sequence. Increasing hatching asynchrony also had a detrimental effect on the survival of the
youngest sibling. In our study population, hatching asynchrony was influenced by a more complex set of factors than simply
onset of incubation and appears to be constrained by circumstances at the onset of incubation rather than to be an adaptive
strategy. Thus, factors acting both during offspring rearing and at the onset of incubation need to be considered for a better
understanding of hatching asynchrony. 相似文献
880.
Myoung-Soo Ko Hyun-Sung Park Kyoung-Woong Kim Jong-Un Lee 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2013,35(6):727-733
Bioleaching of As from the soil in an abandoned Ag–Au mine was carried out using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. A. ferrooxidans is an iron oxidizer and A. thiooxidans is a sulfur oxidizer. These two microbes are acidophilic and chemoautotrophic microbes. Soil samples were collected from the Myoungbong and Songcheon mines. The main contaminant of the soil was As, with an average concentration of 4,624 mg/kg at Myoungbong and 5,590 mg/kg at Songcheon. A. ferrooxidans and A. thiooxidans generated lower pH conditions during their metabolism process. The bioleaching of As from soil has a higher removal efficiency than chemical leaching. A. ferrooxidans could remove 70 % of the As from the Myoungbong and Songcheon soils; however, A. thiooxidans extracted only 40 % of the As from the Myoungbong soil. This study shows that bioleaching is an effective process for As removal from soil. 相似文献