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951.
952.
Chronic toxicity of acetaminophen and lincomycin were evaluated using freshwater organisms including two crustaceans (Daphnia magna and Moina macrocopa) and a fish (Oryzias latipes). H295R, a human adrenal cell was also used to understand the effects on steroidogenesis. In 21 d D. magna exposure, survival NOEC was found at 5.72 mg L−1 and no reproduction related effects were noted at this level of exposure to acetaminophen, while 21 d survival or growth effects were not observed even at the highest exposure levels (153 mg L−1) for lincomycin. In the chronic fish toxicity test, significant reduction in juvenile survival was observed at 30 d post-hatch (dph) at 95 mg L−1 of acetaminophen, and 0.42 mg L−1 of lincomycin. After the exposure to both pharmaceuticals, vitellogenin levels tended to increase in male fish at 90 dph. In the eggs which were prenatally exposed to 9.5 mg L−1 of acetaminophen, reduced hatchability was observed. The results of H295R cell assay showed that both pharmaceuticals could alter steroidogenic pathway and increase estrogenicity. Endocrine disruption potentials and their ecological implication may deserve further studies. Our observations suggest however that ecological risks of both pharmaceuticals are negligible at the concentrations currently found in the environment. 相似文献
953.
Mechanisms of natural attenuation of arsenic (As) by wetland plants may be classified by plant uptake and adsorption and/or co-precipitation by iron (oxy)hydroxide formed on the root surface of plants or in rhizosediment. A natural Cattail (Typha spp.) wetland impacted by tailings containing high levels of As from the Myungbong abandoned Au Mine, South Korea was selected, and the practical capability of this wetland to attenuate As was evaluated. The As concentrations in the plant tissues from the study wetland were several-fold higher than those from control wetland. SEM-EDX analyses demonstrated that iron plaques exist on the rhizome surface. Moreover, relatively high As contents bonded with hydrous iron oxides were found in the rhizosediments rather than in the bulk sediments. It was revealed through the leaching and sequential extraction analyses that As existed as more stable forms in the wetland sediment compared with adjacent paddy soil, which is also contaminated with As due to input of mine tailings. The As concentration ratios of extracted solution to sediment/soil represented that the wetland sediment showed significant lower values (10-fold) rather than the paddy soil with indicating high As stability. Also, As in the wetland sediment was predominantly bonded with residual phases on the basis of results from sequential extraction analysis. From these results, it is concluded that transformation of As contaminated agricultural field to wetland environment may be helpful for natural attenuation until active remediation action. 相似文献
954.
The Characteristics of Tropospheric Ozone Seasonality Observed from Ozone Soundings at Pohang, Korea
This paper presents the first analysis of vertical ozone sounding measurements over Pohang, Korea. The main focus is to analyze
the seasonal variation of vertical ozone profiles and determine the mechanisms controlling ozone seasonality. The maxima ozone
at the surface and in the free troposphere are observed in May and June, respectively. In comparison with the ozone seasonality
at Oki (near sea level) and Happo (altitude of 1840 m) in Japan, which are located at the same latitude as of Pohang, we have
found that the time of the ozone maximum at the Japanese sites is always a month earlier than at Pohang. Analysis of the wind
flow at the surface shows that the wind shifts from westerly to southerly in May over Japan, but in June over Pohang. However,
this wind shift above boundary layer occurs a month later. This wind shift results in significantly smaller amounts of ozone
because the southerly wind brings clean wet tropical air. It has been suggested that the spring ozone maximum in the lower
troposphere is due to polluted air transported from China. However, an enhanced ozone amount over the free troposphere in
June appears to have a different origin. A tongue-like structure in the time-height cross-section of ozone concentrations,
which starts from the stratosphere and extends to the middle troposphere, suggests that the ozone enhancement occurs due to
a gradual migration of ozone from the stratosphere. The high frequency of dry air with elevated ozone concentrations in the
upper troposphere in June suggests that the air is transported from the stratosphere. HYSPLIT trajectory analysis supports
the hypothesis that enhanced ozone in the free troposphere is not likely due to transport from sources of anthropogenic activity. 相似文献
955.
Dae-lyoung Lim Seung-soon Im Jeong-seok Han Sang-hyun Yim Jin-sung Kim Young-mok Lee 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1997,5(4):191-197
Extrusion with an intermeshing corotating twin-screw extruder with a limited amount of water caused structural changes in
corn starch. The structural changes resulted in a transformation-from a semicrystalline to an amorphous state and the development
of orientation of molecular chains in the amorphous region during extrusion. These structural changes, in turn, caused an
increase in theT
g, tensile strength, and resilience of the extruded corn starch. Our experimental results showed that the tensile properties
and resilience of the expanded corn starch extruded at 240‡C were the best: tensile strength, 1.7 kPa; tensile modulus, 40.4
kPa; and resilience, 57.2%. Extrusion produced an expanded corn starch suitable for protective loose-fill. 相似文献
956.
Erythromycin has been widely used in food-producing animals and in humans, and is frequently detected as an organic pollutant in U.S. streams. In batch experiments with homoionic clays, the Freundlich isotherms were determined at 10 and 25 degrees C. The adsorption of erythromycin A was strongly influenced by clay type, exchanged cations, the pH of the bulk solutions, and the acidity of clay surfaces. The formation of clay-erythromycin A complexes was thermodynamically favorable except for K+- and Fe3+-exchanged montmorillonites, since the reactions were exothermic (deltaH(o) > 0) and the systems became stable (deltaS(o) > 0). Clays catalyzed the erythromycin A degradation by the hydrolysis of the neutral sugar and the multiple dehydrations. The surface acidity of clay surface enhanced the rate of clay-catalyzed degradation of erythromycin A. In addition, the Fe3+-exchanged clay minerals seemed to have an electrostatic interaction with the erythromycin A molecule, by which the hydrolysis of the neutral sugar was influenced. 相似文献
957.
Kim Duk-Min Kwon Oh-Hun Oh Youn Soo Lee Jin-Soo 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2021,43(10):4105-4122
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - In the area around the abandoned Seoseong mine, South Korea, coastal paddy fields undergo seawater intrusion and possible sulfate reduction. Here, channel... 相似文献
958.
Geonha Kim Saikat Chowdhury Yen-min Lin Chih-Jen Lu 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2017,39(2):293-305
Environmental site assessments are frequently executed for monitoring and remediation performance evaluation purposes, especially in total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH)-contaminated areas, such as gas stations. As a key issue, reproducibility of the assessment results must be ensured, especially if attempts are made to compare results between different institutions. Although it is widely known that uncertainties associated with soil sampling are much higher than those with chemical analyses, field guides or protocols to deal with these uncertainties are not stipulated in detail in the relevant regulations, causing serious errors and distortion of the reliability of environmental site assessments. In this research, uncertainties associated with soil sampling and sample reduction for chemical analysis were quantified using laboratory-scale experiments and the theory of sampling. The research results showed that the TPH mass assessed by sampling tends to be overestimated and sampling errors are high, especially for the low range of TPH concentrations. Homogenization of soil was found to be an efficient method to suppress uncertainty, but high-resolution sampling could be an essential way to minimize this. 相似文献
959.
Lee Kwanyong Chantrasakdakul Phromphol Kim Daegi Kim Jin-Seog Park Ki Young 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(1):235-240
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The purpose of this study was to investigate biogas productivity of algal residues from bioethanol production. Pre-treatment based on enzyme was... 相似文献
960.
Jang Hyun Lee Kyung Su Kim Jae Beom Lee Yong Sik Yang Mi Ji Yoo 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2009,22(6):889-896
This paper is concerned with the evaluation of cyclic hardening models within the stress–strain behavior of aluminum alloy AC4C-T6 that can be used to LNG cargo pump operating in cryogenic temperature. To insure the strength assessment of LNG cargo pump, material model of cyclic hardening and plasticity for aluminum alloy AC4C-T6 is investigated through FEA (Finite Element Analysis) with various hardening options including linear and non-linear hardening, isotropic and kinematic hardening, and combined hardening model. Monotonic tensile and cyclic tensile experiments for AC4C-T6 alloy were performed at room temperature and temperature of ?165 °C. Parameters of each hardening model are obtained from the experimental data; thus five hardening models are numerically simulated thereafter. Appropriate hardening models which describe the cyclic stress–strain relationship are investigated through the simulations of cyclic hardening behavior by FEA. In order to verify the predicted behavior of cyclic hardening obtained by FEA, the results of FEA and those measured by experiments are compared. 相似文献