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471.
Anna Marszałek Krzysztof Sołtyński Alicja Sawicka 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(3):235-243
The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of physiological studies in the evaluation of protective clothing for work in a cold environment. The study included the examination of the dynamics of changes in chosen physiological parameters (core and skin temperatures, heart rate, pulmonary minute ventilation) as well as physical ones (the temperature and relative humidity under the clothes) during work in protective clothing with unknown thermal insulation. The experiment was conducted in extreme environmental conditions (–10 and –15°C) at a work load defined by the clothing manufacturer as moderate. Results show that thermal equilibrium was achieved and maintained throughout the investigated work time (60 min) and that the protective clothing ensures safety on the time scale of a regular 8-hour work day. It was also shown that the dynamics of thermal stress physiological parameters can be used to determine the maximum duration of exposure for cold protective clothing with unknown thermal insulation. 相似文献
472.
Body Heat Balance of a Man with Deficient Sweat Rate Subjected to Physical Work in a Hot Environment
Krzysztof Sołtyński Maria Konarska 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(3):335-345
The dynamics of physiological stress and thermal balance were investigated in men subjected to endogenous and exogenous heat loads. The study was conducted using the thermometric method. Substantial differences in the dynamics of the tested parameters and their quantitative characteristics were observed in 1 out of 8 participants. In this article, the observed differences are rationalized in terms of the deficient sweat rate mechanism. It is pointed out that it is indispensable to address these cases in work safety regulations. 相似文献
473.
A method of determining dust emission and efficiency of its removal by means of local exhaust ventilation from machinery has been described. It complies with Standard No. EN 1093-3:1996 (European Committee for Standardization, 1996) and consists in determining air pollution concentra-tions in the measurement duct used for air removal from the chamber incorporating devices to be tested. The air volume stream that is pumped is measured at the same time.Test results are presented for dust emission and the efficiency of local exhaust ventilation for cast iron grinding by means of manual power tools and a bench-sander. It has been found that application of local exhaust ventilation contributes to a significant reduction of dust emission with efficiency greater than 90%. 相似文献
474.
Lidia Zapór Jolanta Skowroń Małgorzata Gołofit-Szymczak 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(1):121-129
The cytotoxic effects of volatile and water-insoluble organic solvents (ethylbenzene, tetrachloroethylene, n-hexane) were tested on isolated hepatocytes in monolayer culture by using the 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. All of the tested compounds inhibited metabolic activity of hepatocytes and this effect depended on the concentration of solvents in the incubatory medium. The presence of fetal calf serum in the medium did not change the cytotoxicity of xenobiotics. IC50 values calculated on the basis of the MTT assay indicated that ethylbenzene was more cytotoxic than tetrachloroethylene and n-hexane. Using hepatocyte monolayer culture and the MTT assay to assess cytotoxicity of organic solvents causes many technical problems. It seems that it cannot be used as a rapid, cheap, and credible method. 相似文献
475.
Krzysztof Baszczyński Zygmunt Zrobek 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(3):313-331
Retractable type fall arresters are designed to protect against falls from a height of people who need freedom of vertical movement. The practice of fall protection shows that the devices are also used to protect people who work on flat roofs. This application creates quite different operating conditions for the devices. In some situations those conditions can be dangerous for users. The article presents a theoretical analysis of phenomena occurring during a fall arrest with retractable type fall arresters arranged horizontally. The analysis was verified with laboratory tests. The article presents a proposal for the construction of a test stand and a test method for estimating retractable type fall arresters intended for horizontal use. 相似文献
476.
Krzysztof Baszczyński 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(2):191-202
Retractable type fall arresters are very effective personal equipment protecting against falls from a height. These devices are used under different atmospheric conditions and in the presence of various types of industrial pollution. For this reason appropriate locking after conditioning simulating extreme conditions of a worksite is one of the essential characteristics of retractable type fall arresters. This article presents the requirements for locking of the devices. A previously used locking test method and its disadvantages are discussed. The article suggests an improved test method and test equipment. Measurement of the test mass acceleration is the most important improvement introduced into the test method. The article shows laboratory tests used to verify the method, which turned out to be a valuable source of information concerning the performance of retractable type fall arresters. 相似文献
477.
Dariusz Pleban Janusz Piechowicz Krzysztof Kosała 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(2):321-331
The inversion method was used to test vibroacoustic processes in large-size machines used in opencast mines of rock material. When this method is used, the tested machine is replaced with a set of substitute sources, whose acoustic parameters are determined on the basis of sound pressure levels and phase shift angles of acoustic signals, measured with an array of 24 microphones. This article presents test results of a combine unit comprising a crusher and a vibrating sieve, for which an acoustic model of 7 substitute sources was developed with the inversion method. 相似文献
478.
The complexity of nectar: secretion and resorption dynamically regulate nectar features 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this paper, we review the phenomenon of nectar resorption, focusing on its physiological and ecological meaning. Nectar
resorption is a phenomenon that has long been known but was rarely reported until the1990s. It has more recently been demonstrated
in several species by various direct and indirect methodologies. It has generally been demonstrated in senescent flowers as
a phenomenon separate in time from, and independent of, nectar secretion. The significance of this type of resorption is generally
recognized as a resource-recovery strategy, recycling at least some materials invested in nectar production. Nevertheless,
nectar resorption can occur concomitantly with nectar secretion. Nectar production is therefore best considered as a unified
process comprising nectar secretion and resorption. The modulation of these two opposite phases allows nectar concentration
to be maintained in a range suitable for pollinators (nectar homeostasis). The mechanism of nectar resorption at the cell
level has received little attention, and its molecular basis can only be hypothesized on the basis of recent studies concerning
sugar sensing. 相似文献
479.
Mazur Karolina E. Borucka Aleksandra Kaczor Paulina Gądek Szymon Bogucki Rafał Mirzewiński Dariusz Kuciel Stanisław 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(6):2341-2354
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - In the study, polylactide-based (PLA) composites modified with natural particles (wood, bamboo, and cork) and with different levels of infilling (100%,... 相似文献
480.
The European Landscape Convention (2000) obligates European Union countries to identify and implement landscape quality objectives (LQOs) understood as the specification of public expectations and preferences concerning the landscape of a given area, expressed by competent public authorities. The convention emphasizes the important role of local community representatives in this field. In Poland, the implementation of the LQO concept was first undertaken in two regions with radically different landscape characteristics: (1) the West Polesie Biosphere Reserve and (2) the selected protected areas of the Roztocze–Solska Forest, nominated to the rank of a biosphere reserve. The first stage of the presented study was the recognition of public opinion on the quality of key features of landscape, based on a questionnaire (n = 470). The primary objective of the study was to provide an answer to the following questions: (1) Whether similar social expectations regarding landscape quality exist in spite of radically different landscape characteristics of the regions investigated (landscape quality is understood as spatial arrangement, scenic beauty, and lack of environmental pollution); (2) which landscape features are considered to be most preservation worthy by the representatives of both local communities; and (3) What processes or development impacts pose the greatest threat to the landscape quality of both regions according to the public opinion? The conducted comparative assessment revealed that it is possible to define a set of features fundamental to the quality of both areas and that representatives of local communities pointed out the same threats to the natural and cultural values of both regions investigated. 相似文献