卤代物对盐藻的毒性试验及比较

通过国际经合组织(OECD)藻类生长抑制试验的国际标准方法，参照《生活饮用水卫生标准》GB5749-85设置毒物浓度进行试验，得到了三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、三溴甲烷对盐藻(Dunaliella salina)的48h半数有效抑制浓度EC50值，三氯甲烷的为1.17μmol/L，四氯化碳的为1.22μmol/L，三溴甲烷为1.02μmol/L。得到其毒性大小为三溴甲烷＞三氯甲烷＞四氯化碳。     

萃取预处理苯胺基乙腈生产废水试验研究

在苯胺基乙腈生产过程中会产生含苯胺、苯胺基乙腈、氰化物等高浓度高毒性高氨氮有机废水,可生化性较差。本试验以甲苯为萃取剂,保持原水的pH值不变,相比为0.33,经三级逆流萃取处理后,苯胺、总氰化物、氨氮和COD的萃取率可分别达到约91%、93%、42%和52%,BOD/COD由0.23提高到0.27,提高了废水的可生化性,甲苯可采用酸洗再生加蒸馏再生联合的处理方式。     

采用修正的物理组成法确定生活垃圾热值

本文在比较了国内几个城市生活垃圾热值实测值与计算值之间的差异的基础上，提出了采用修正的物理组成法作为最终计算垃圾热值的方法，并以此方法确定了厦门市生活垃圾热值。     

Preparation and characterization of activated carbon foam from phenolic resin

Activated carbon foam was successfully prepared from phenolic resin synthesized with phenol and formaldehyde under alkali condition. The influence of process variables, such as steam rate, carbonization temperature, carbonization time, activation temperature and activation time on the adsorption capacities of the activated carbon foam was studied. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the activated carbon foam with a specific surface area 727.62 m²/g was obtained. Moreover, the iodine value and carbon tetrachloride value of the activated carbon foam was 1050.28 mg/g and 401.37 mg/g, respectively. The pore size of the activated carbon foam was in the range of 3.5–5 nm which was determined through the N₂ adsorption test. In addition, the yield of the activated carbon foam was 36.24%. The result of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the activated carbon foam became honeycomb structure, and its pore wall was thinner and smoother compared to the unactivated carbon foam.     

浅析矿山地质环境综合评价

阐述了矿山地质环境综合评价的定义、评价工作的流程,即指评价指标体系的建立、指标权重的确定、指标单元的划分、数学模型的选取等,对评价工作中常用的指标权重确定和数学模型建立方法的原理和应用进行了重点论述,并指出了当前评价过程中存在的问题和进一步完善的建议.     

室内空气中甲醛污染的危害与治理

甲醛的释放会对室内空气造成污染,对人体健康造成危害.特别当室内甲醛浓度超过国家标准时,这一损害现象尤为严重.综述了室内甲醛污染对人体造成的危害及对甲醛污染的控制治理技术,并对室内空气中的甲醛浓度做一个定量的预测和分析.     

Chitosan and chemically modified chitosan beads for acid dyes sorption

The capabilities of chitosan and chitosan-EGDE (ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether) beads for removing Acid Red 37 (AR 37) and Acid Blue 25 (AB 25) from aqueous solution were examined. Chitosan beads were cross-linked with EGDE to enhance its chemical resistance and mechanical strength. Experiments were performed as a function of pH, agitation period and concentration of AR 37 and AB 25. It was shown that the adsorption capacities of chitosan were comparatively higher than chitosan-EGDE for both acid dyes. This is mainly because cross-linking using EGDE reduces the major adsorption sites -NH3+ on chitosan. Langmuir isotherm model showed best conformity compared to Freundlich and BET. The kinetic experimental data agreed very well to the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The desorption study revealed that after three cycles of adsorption and desorption by NaOH and HCl, both adsorbents retained their promising adsorption abilities. FT-IR analysis proved that the adsorption of acid dyes onto chitosan-based adsorbents was a physical adsorption. Results also showed that chitosan and chitosan-EGDE beads were favourable adsorbers and could be employed as low-cost alternatives for the removal of acid dyes in wastewater treatment.     

固定化氨氧化细菌短程硝化稳定性研究

以高分子聚合物为载体,采用细胞增殖技术固定氨氧化细菌,研究了氨氮负荷、HRT、初始游离氨(FA)和有机物等因素对短程硝化过程稳定性的影响.实验结果表明,当进水氨氮负荷分别为100、150和200 mg/L时,出水氨氮浓度均小于10 mg/L;当进水氨氮浓度为25.8、51.1和93.3 mg/L时,分别经历3、6、12 h后,出水氨氮浓度低,亚硝化效果好,可以根据进水氨氮浓度的变化,适当地凋整系统水力停留时间(HRT)并优化系统的运行;当游离氨(FA)浓度>9 mg/L时,对氨氧化细菌会产生抑制;低分子有机物的存在对氨氧化细菌的活性具有一定的促进作用,有机物浓度对亚硝化率基本不产生影响,实验过程中在有机物存在的条件下.发生了短程硝化反硝化反应.使得系统总氮减少.     

广西铁山港海草生态区无机N的季节变化规律及其相关性分析

根据铁山港海草生态区2008年1月～2008年11月冬、春、夏、秋4个季节的调查资料,首次探讨了无机态N的季节变化规律及其相关因子的影响。结果表明:研究海区无机态N具有春夏季明显高于秋冬季的特征,其中春、夏、秋季以陆源输入影响为主,冬季以海区自身N的补充影响为主;DIN的组成变化受水温影响较明显,水温较高的春夏季主要以NO3-N为主,分别占DIN的57.91%和73.00%,秋冬季则以NH4-N为主,分别占DIN的78.23%和50.59%。相关分析显示,无机态N与环境因子之间的相关性以夏秋季出现显著性较多,春季次之,冬季最少;形态N之间的相关性,则集中体现在春夏季节NO3-N与NO2-N、NO2-N与NH4-N之间显著以上的正相关影响上,而且三种形态N同时成为DIN含量的控制因子;秋冬季节所有形态N之间均无相关性出现,只有秋季的NH4-N成为DIN含量的主控因子;但所有季节NO3-N与NH4-N之间均无相关性的出现,却从另一个角度说明,浮游植物优先吸收NH4-N并与之构成直接循环已成为海草生态区无机态N循环的最大特点。     

新型旋切式气液两相喷嘴及内部流场数值模拟

本文在对各种气动性喷嘴及其雾化机理分析的基础上提出一种新型雾化喷嘴--旋切式气液两相喷嘴。该喷嘴具有结构简单、喷雾量无限可调、喷雾锥角调整灵活、防堵塞、雾化效果好的优点。通过CFD数值模拟研究发现,在旋切式喷嘴内部液流已经被气流剪切雾化成细小颗粒,其均匀的分散在气流中,在混合室内部形成气液混合流,形成一次雾化。当气液混合流脉冲喷出孔喷时,体积进一步膨胀,同时,高速液滴外部空气相互作用,产生二次雾化,促进了雾化效果。