Simultaneous chemical and sensory characterization of volatile organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds emitted from swine manure using solid phase microextraction and multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry

Swine manure is associated with emissions of odor, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other gases that can affect air quality on local and regional scales. In this research, a solid phase microextraction (SPME) and novel multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (MDGC-MS-O) system were used to simultaneously identify VOCs and related odors emitted from swine manure. Gas samples were extracted from manure headspace using Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) 85-microm SPME fibers. The MDGC-MS-O system was equipped with two columns in series with a system of valves allowing transfer of samples between columns (heartcutting). The heartcuts were used to maximize the isolation, separation, and identification of compounds. The odor impact of separated compounds was evaluated by a trained panelist for character and intensity. A total of 295 compounds with molecular weights ranging from 34 to 260 were identified. Seventy one compounds had a distinct odor. Nearly 68% of the compounds for which reaction rates with OH* radicals are known had an estimated atmospheric lifetime <24 h.     

北京密云水库流域水体夏季POM浓度及来源分析

为有效控制流域水质污染,保障饮用水水源的水质安全,通过测定北京境内密云水库流域水体夏季悬浮颗粒有机质(POM)的浓度水平及其碳、氮同位素特征,同时以京密引水渠水体为参比,对密云水库汇水流域水体POM的来源进行研究.结果 表明,密云水库流域水体夏季颗粒态有机碳(POC)浓度的变化范围为0.04～0.71 mg/L,平均值...     

毛乌素沙漠东部边缘中β尺度暴雨和冰雹综合分析

利用多普勒雷达资料、Micaps系统提供的常规观测资料和物理量场,对2006年9月20日发生在毛乌素沙漠东部边缘的一次强对流天气过程进行了分析。结果表明:冰雹和暴雨是由两块呈块状的中β尺度强对流单体造成的;地面能量比中α尺度"Ω"系统的生成,为能量的积聚和集中释放提供了有利条件;地面能量比中β尺度能量比低值舌的生成,为强对流天气的发生提供了抬升触发机制;冰雹和暴雨发生前,涡度场和散度场的耦合、影响雹暴区次级环流的形成,为雹暴的发生维持提供了动力机制;850 hPa等压面上湿正压场和湿斜压场的配合、以及湿位涡的三维空间结构,对雹暴的发生及落区有指示意义;在多普勒雷达径向速度场上,雹暴运动的前方对流层低层有中气旋生成,雹暴运动的后方对流层低层有中反气旋生成,而对流层中高层有辐散生成,且超级单体特征明显。     

用萃取剂LIX84I从电子废弃物处理液中选择性萃取铜

考察了相比、水相pH、混合时间等因素对LIX84I萃取铜的影响,结果表明:这些因素对铜的萃取率都有一定的影响,最优化的条件是有机相为30%LIX84I+70%煤油、室温、相比=2:1、出口水相pH值=2.0、搅拌速度=910 r/min、萃取级数为3级,每级的时间为3 min.对铜进行三级萃取和一级反萃,可以得到符合电积要求的硫酸铜溶液,萃取率和反萃取率分别可以达到94.6%和97.8%.     

火灾预测的模糊马尔柯夫模型

火灾发生并不是一个严格马尔柯夫随机过程，而是一个“近似具有马尔柯夫性”的模糊马尔柯夫过程。本文在对我国55年火灾统计资料“相对化”处理的基础上，根据模糊马尔柯夫理论和方法，建立我国火灾相对变动模糊马尔可夫预测模型。根据隶属度最大原则，确定所属状态，进行火灾预测。2005年我国火灾预测值与实际值的相对误差为0．0148，表明模型具有相当高的预测精度。对我国2006年进行预测，得到火灾相对变动状态等级为微降，我国2006年的火灾发生率与2005年相比降低了0～0．1，火灾频数约为212347～235941起，预测结果可为有关部门的决策提供一定的依据。     

我国固体废物分类体系构建的原则、方法与框架

健全的固体废物分类体系是固体废物管理工作得以有效开展的基础和前提,然而目前我国的分类体系构建进展较为缓慢.从我国固体废物分类现状和固体废物管理实际出发,借鉴国外关于固体废物分类的经验,提出了我国固体废物分类体系的构建原则、方法以及框架,以期为我国固体废物管理工作提供参考.     

Combined amendment reduces soil Cd availability and rice Cd accumulation in three consecutive rice planting seasons

The scientific application of stabilized materials has been considered an effective method for the in situ remediation of Cd-contaminated soil. This study aimed to investigate the persistence of the effect of a combined amendment of limestone and sepiolite(LS) on soil Cd availability and accumulation in rice grown in a mildly Cd-contaminated paddy field(0.45 mg/kg of Cd) over three consecutive rice seasons. 1125–4500 kg/ha of LS was applied to the soil before the first rice planting season and 5...     

钼矿区选矿场周边农田土壤重金属污染状况分析与评价

以葫芦岛市钼矿区为例,分析钼矿区选矿场周边农田土壤重金属污染状况并对其污染现况进行评价.选择选矿场周边受污染农田土壤样本20个,采用HNO3-HF-HClO4混酸对土壤样品进行处理,运用等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)测定土壤样品中Mo、Pb、As、Hg、Cr、Cd、Zn、Cu、Ni的全量并进行评价.结果表明:钼矿区选矿厂周边农田土壤重金属Nemerow综合指数8.46,综合评价结果为该区土壤已受严重污染;主要污染物为Cd、Cr、Hg、Zn,并伴有Ni、Cu污染;选矿厂周边农田土壤重金属元素全量中化学形态分布为:残余态＞有机结合态＞氧化结合态＞酸可提取态;农田酸可提取态、氧化结合态、有机结合态三种形态的重金属可能来源于不同外援污染;重金属Hg的有效态比例较大,可能会影响农作物的正常生长;钼矿区选矿区周边农田土壤重金属污染除来源于污染地下水的浇灌,还来源于大气降尘、汽车尾气以及矿物运输过程中矿石的遗落.     

Why does environmental compliance cost more than penalty? —A legal analysis on environmental acts of enterprises in China

In the environmental protection field of China, due to lower law-breaking cost but higher law-abiding cost , it is a common case that the enterprise chooses to break through the law on purpose. The punishment to the unlawful pr     

Nano-oxides washcoat for enhanced catalytic oxidation activity toward the perovskite-based monolithic catalyst

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In order to explore a superior washcoat material to give full play to the catalytic activity of perovskite active components on the monolithic...