邕江南宁市区段表层沉积物典型抗生素污染特征

利用超声提取、固相萃取和HPLC-MS/MS分析方法对邕江南宁市区段沉积物典型抗生素污染进行研究,结果表明,大环内酯类、磺胺类和甲氧苄氨嘧啶10种抗生素中共检出9种,抗生素总浓度范围为1.08~30.84ng/g(均值5.84ng/g).大环内酯类抗生素检出率达100%,为邕江的主要抗生素污染物,平均含量为1.14ng/g,分布上呈现邕江下游>中游>上游的趋势;磺胺和甲氧苄氨嘧啶类抗生素检出率为43%.其中磺胺类抗生素平均含量低于0.06ng/g,甲氧苄氨嘧啶(TMP)平均含量为1.00ng/g,分布上则为上游>下游>中游.来源分析表明生活污水及医疗废水的排放是下游沉积物大环内酯类抗生素含量较高的主要原因,而畜禽和水产养殖则是上游磺胺和甲氧苄氨嘧啶污染的主要来源.总体来说,与国内外河流相比,邕江抗生素含量尚处于较低水平,但抗生素抗性基因污染不容忽视.     

薄壁圆柱壳初始爆破强度的可靠度分析

充分考虑固体火箭发动机壳体的结构特点,建立用中径公式预测其初始爆破强度的方法,对固体火箭发动机壳体爆破强度的可靠度进行了探索。研究表明:①固体火箭发动机壳体实际初始爆破强度与中径公式的名义值之比是符合正态分布的随机变量;②借助于钢制薄壁内压容器的爆破试验数据,在置信度为99%时,得到了该随机变量的分布参数;③应用强度-载荷干涉模型,推导得到了固体火箭发动机壳体爆破强度的可靠度指标计算公式;④固体火箭发动机壳体的可靠度在一定范围内变动。     

PPCPs in a drinking water treatment plant in the Yangtze River Delta of China: Occurrence,removal and risk assessment

• 39 PPCPs were investigated at a DWTP using the Yangtze River as its water source. • Grab and continuous sampling were conducted for the comparison of data consistency. • Ketoprofen & carbamazepine can be risk management indicators because of the high RQ. The occurrence and removal of 39 targeted pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from source water, through a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) to the water supply station, were investigated around the central part of Yangtze River Delta in China using both grab sampling and continuous sampling. Totally 24 of the 39 targeted PPCPs were detected in raw water, and 12 PPCPs were detected in the finished water. The highest observed concentration was enrofloxacin (85.623 ng/L) in raw water. Removal efficiencies were remarkably negative correlated with log K_ow (r = -0.777, p<0.01) after calibration control of concentration, indicating that more soluble PPCPs are easier to remove by the combined process (prechlorination and flocculation/precipitation), the concentration level also had a great impact on the removal efficiency. The normal process in the pilot DWTP seems to be ineffective for PPCPs control, with the limited removal efficiency of less than 30% for each step: pre-chlorination, flocculation and precipitation, post-chlorination and filter. There were notable differences between the data from continuous sampling and grab sampling, which should be considered for different monitoring purposes. The chlorination and the hydrolytic decomposition of PPCPs in the water supply pipe may attenuate PPCPs concentration in the pipeline network. The PPCPs examined in the effluent of DWTP do not impose a potential health risk to the local consumers due to their RQ value lower than 0.00067.     

基于离散元法的能源管传热过程模拟

采用自主研发的离散元软件MatDEM,依据能源管桩的现场热响应试验,提出了能源桩离散元数值模拟的建模方法,对能源管桩的热响应试验过程进行了模拟研究,得到了桩周土体的位移分布,桩芯和桩周土体的温度分布,通过与现场实测数据的对比,验证了利用离散元法研究能源桩换热性能的有效性,该方法在研究能源桩与土体的热-力学行为特征方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

Applying chemical sedimentation process in drinking water treatment plant to address the emergent arsenic spills in water sources

Arsenic (As) spills occurred more frequently and sometimes polluted water sources in recent years in China. It is as urgent need to develop emergency treatment technologies to address the arsenic threat for large-scale water treatment plants. In response, we developed a chemical sedimentation technology to remove arsenic contaminants for water treatment plants. Bench-scale experiments were conducted to investigate the efficiency of arsenic removal and the influencing factors of the chemical sedimentation treatment process. The influencing factors included the choice and dosage of coagulants, the valence of arsenic and pH value of solution. The As(V) contaminants can be almost completely removed by ferric or alum coagulants. The As(III) contaminants are more recalcitrant to chemical sedimentation, 75% for ferric coagulant and 40% for alum coagulant. The quantitative results of arsenic removal load by different ferric or alum coagulants were presented to help determine the parameters for arsenic treatment technology. The dominant mechanism for arsenic removal is static combination, or adsorption of negative arsenic species onto positive ferric hydroxide or alum hydroxide flocs. The efficiency of this treatment technology has also been demonstrated by a real production test in one water treatment plant with arsenic-rich source water and one emergency response. This technology was verified to be quick to set-up, easy to operate and highly efficient even for high concentration of arsenic.     

MIP系统在某挥发性氯代烃污染地块调查中的应用

针对我国挥发性有机污染地块调查评估中存在的采样缺失、成本高及周期长等问题,选择华北地区某挥发性氯代烃污染地块为研究对象,采用现行调查方法与基于膜界面探针(MIP)系统快速调查技术联合使用的方式,现场完成场地钻探调查点位4个(土壤样品36个),MIP系统调查点位11个(验证点位4个),以研究MIP验证点位检测电信号值与其...     

制药废水中青霉素与厌氧污泥的相互作用机制

通过批式实验考察了制药废水中青霉素G钠盐与厌氧污泥的相互作用机制.结果表明:青霉素G钠盐的水(降)解反应符合伪一级动力学,在纯水、灭活和活性厌氧污泥条件下的速率常数分别为0.048、0.121 6和0.128 3 h-1.灭活厌氧性污泥因其絮体表面的亲核官能团显著提高了青霉素G钠盐的水(降)解速率,活性厌氧污泥因其生物...     

北京密云水库流域水体夏季POM浓度及来源分析

为有效控制流域水质污染,保障饮用水水源的水质安全,通过测定北京境内密云水库流域水体夏季悬浮颗粒有机质(POM)的浓度水平及其碳、氮同位素特征,同时以京密引水渠水体为参比,对密云水库汇水流域水体POM的来源进行研究.结果 表明,密云水库流域水体夏季颗粒态有机碳(POC)浓度的变化范围为0.04～0.71 mg/L,平均值...     

盐碱地区土壤对混凝土腐蚀规律和机理的研究

根据多年的试验研究成果及对土壤理化性质的分析结果,论述了内陆盐土对混凝土材料腐蚀的规律和机理,分析研究了各种钢筋混凝土材料在埋设初期混凝土强度增长的机理和在埋设后期混凝土强度降低的机理,为在盐碱地区进行基本建设时合理选材及防腐设计提供参考.     

下蜀土导热系数与电阻率和剪切波速关系模型试验研究

针对导热系数现场难以快速、准确测试的问题,以下蜀土为研究对象,建立了依据电阻率和剪切波速估算导热系数的关系模型。分别采用HC-110热导测试仪、四极法和弯曲元测试系统对20℃、含水率为10%～21%、干密度为1.5～1.8 g/cm3下蜀土的导热系数、电阻率和剪切波速进行了测试,得到了三者与含水率和干密度之间函数关系,建立了导热系数与电阻率和剪切波速的关系模型,经检验,该关系模型拟合度高,为工程实践中利用电阻率和剪切波速快速确定土体导热系数提供了新的方法。