SBR法处理高盐肝素废水运行参数优化研究

采用SBR法处理高盐肝素钠生产废水,探讨了曝气时间、进水p H、温度等参数对COD和氨氮降解效果及污泥生长的影响。结果表明,控制曝气时间为10 h、进水p H为7.5、反应温度在26~29℃时,COD和氨氮去除率均能稳定在85%以上;对氨氮去除效果较差的反应器,适当添加K+、Ca2+、Mg2+可以取得一定的改善作用,其中K+对Na+和NH4+双重毒性抑制的拮抗效应最明显;经参数优化后的SBR反应器对不同污泥负荷和盐度负荷具有较好的适应能力,受到冲击后COD和氨氮去除率均能在2~3个运行周期内恢复至90%以上。     

Multi-criteria decision making and fairness evaluation of water ecological carrying capacity for inter-regional green development

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Determining water ecological carrying capacity (WECC) is of great significance to ensure inter-regional green development. This study presents a...     

Characterization, treatment and releases of PBDEs and PAHs in a typical municipal sewage treatment plant situated beside an urban river, East China

Characterization, treatment and releases of eight polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) congeners and sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wastewater were evaluated along the treatment processes of a typical secondary treatment municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) (in Hefei City) situated the beside Nanfei River, East China. The findings showed that the average concentrations of the total PBDEs in raw wastewater and treated effluent were 188.578 and 36.884 ng/L respectively. Brominated diphenyl ether (BDE) 209 congener, the predominant PBDE in the STP and Nanfei River, could be related to the discharge of car-industry-derived wastes. For PAHs, the average concentrations in raw wastewater and treated effluent were 5758.8 and 2240.4 ng/L respectively, with naphthalene, benzo[a]pyrene and indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene being detected at the highest concentrations. PAHs mainly originate from the combustion of biomass/coal and petroleum. The STP reduced about 80% of the PBDEs and 61% of the PAHs, which were eliminated mainly by sedimentation processes. The removal rates of PBDEs/PAHs increased with the increase of their solid-water partitioning coefficients. Accordingly, the STP's effluent, containing some PBDE congeners (e.g., BDE 47, 99 and 209, etc.) and low-molecular-weight PAHs, could be an important contributor of these contaminants' input to Nanfei River. It resulted in a significant increase of PBDE/PAH concentrations and PAH toxicological risk in the river water downstream. About 4.040 kg/yr of PBDEs and 245.324 kg/yr of PAHs could be released into the Nanfei River. The current conventional wastewater treatment processes should be improved to remove the relatively low-molecular-weight PBDEs/PAHs more effectively.     

ASE萃取-GPC净化-GC/HPLC测定土壤中的六六六、滴滴涕和苯并(a)芘

建立了同时测定土壤中的六六六(BHC)、滴滴涕(DDT)及苯并(a)芘含量的方法.方法采用加速溶剂萃取仪(ASE)提取目标化合物,凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)净化提取液,气相色谱和高效液相色谱同时进行分析.结果表明,该方法检测效果较好,回收率在66.0％～132％之间,相对标准偏差为2.34～6.57之间,检出限为0.12～0.20 μg/kg.该方法操作简便,定性定量准确.     

Recent advances in ionic liquids-based hybrid processes for CO2 capture and utilization

CO₂ capture and utilization (CCU) is an effective strategy to mitigate global warming. Absorption, adsorption and membranes are methods used for CO₂ separation and capture, and various catalytic pathways have also been developed for CO₂ utilization. Although widely researched and used in industry, these processes are energy-intensive and this challenge needs to be overcome. To realize further optimization, novel materials and processes are continuously being developed. New generation materials such as ionic liquids (ILs) have shown promising potential for cost-effective CO₂ capture and utilization. This study reviews the current status of ILs-based solvents, adsorbents, membranes, catalysts and their hybrid processes for CO₂ capture and utilization. The special properties of ILs are integrated into new materials through hybridization, which significantly improves the performance in the process of CCU.     

官地水电站水土保持监测工作成效

本文结合工程建设和工程水土流失特点,分析了官地水电站实施水土保持监测对水土保持措施落实的促进作用,水土保持监测结论对水土保持措施落实效果的分析评价,论证了水土保持监测工作的成效.     

基于不确定性的水资源配置双层模型及其实证研究

针对水资源管理系统的不确定性和复杂性,引入区间参数表达系统中的不确定信息,建立了反映水资源管理者和使用者之间层次关系的区间双层规划模型,并以北京市丰台区水资源管理系统为例进行实证研究.同时,基于交互式算法和模糊满意度算法,用Lingo软件编程求解,确定了丰台区水资源的优化配置方案.规划结果表明:丰台区水资源管理系统的供需水量基本达到平衡,75%的供水量来源于本地地表水和南水北调水源;规划期内的系统经济效益预期达到2.22×10~9~5.16×10~9元,COD排放量将达到1.47×10~4~1.89×10~4t.区间结果提高了优化方案的灵活性,系统满意度体现了上层决策者与下层决策者的交互.其次,通过设计4种COD最大允许排放情景,说明了不同的COD排放约束将对规划结果产生重要影响.最后,通过3种模型的对比分析可以为丰台区水资源配置提供不同发展情景下的优化方案.     

深圳近岸海域氮、磷营养盐变化趋势及其与赤潮发生的关系

本文阐述了深圳近岸海域（大鹏湾北部和东部沿岸、大亚湾西部沿岸、深圳湾西北部沿岸及珠江口东南部沿岸）四个海区氮磷营养盐近30 a变化趋势,统计了各海区历年赤潮发生次数和累计总面积,并对氮磷营养盐含量和赤潮发生次数、累计总面积进行了相关性分析。结果表明,深圳近岸海域氮磷营养盐污染状况为东优西劣的趋势,东部海域水体均未达到富营养化水平,而西部海域水体均表现出一定程度的富营养化（部分年份为磷限制潜在性富营养）;赤潮发生次数以大鹏湾最高,深圳湾次之,累计总面积以深圳湾最大,珠江口次之;相关性分析结果表明,DIN、PO₄-P与四个海区赤潮发生次数、累计总面积均无显著相关性,而NH₄-N、NO₃-N分别与大鹏湾和珠江口海域赤潮暴发次数、累计总面积呈显著相关性。     

基于JSA-BN的水上提管维修作业风险分析

为保障海底油气管道维修作业安全,提出1种基于JSA-BN的作业风险分析方法。采用JSA方法辨识分析水上提管维修作业过程中潜在的风险因素,得出不同作业步骤的风险等级;建立水上提管维修作业贝叶斯网络模型,计算出各作业环节的成功概率;依托贝叶斯网络的逆向推理及敏感性分析能力,实现水上提管维修作业风险薄弱点的定量预测和评估。研究结果表明:提出的基于JSA-BN的作业风险分析方法可应用于近岸海底管道应急维修作业风险分析;在整个水上提管维修作业活动中,提管作业和切割破损管道作业为关键作业环节,提升过程中碰撞、掉落事件为薄弱风险因素。