Can conservation of single surrogate species protect co-occurring species?

Conservation of surrogate species is expected to benefit co-occurring species with similar distributions that share the same habitat, yet the usefulness of this approach to protect nontarget species has been extensively challenged. In this study, we aimed to assess whether co-occurring species could be afforded protection under the conservation of two proposed surrogate species, the giant panda and the takin. We undertook a thorough study on the habitat requirements of these two endangered species, based on the analysis of their habitat preferences. The results revealed that the giant panda exhibits more specialized habitat preferences than does the takin and that habitat separation between these species mainly reflected differences in their dietary requirements and preferences. We suggest that these differences might facilitate their coexistence in sympatric areas. Meanwhile, results of a discriminant function analysis showed that protection of giant pandas would protect 82.1 % of the panda’s habitat, but only 25.4 % of the takin’s habitat and just 57.0 % of the joint habitats of these species. Importantly, our results also showed that a joint surrogate species approach to conservation would protect 86.9 % of the panda’s habitat, 53.7 % of the takin’s habitat, and 72.2 % of the joint habitats of these species. This is a higher degree of habitat protection than the single surrogate conservation of pandas. We conclude that the joint surrogate species approach should be adopted to improve biodiversity conservation.     

The Effectiveness of Aeration Recirculation in Controlling VOC Emissions from Publicly Owned Treatment Works

Abstract

The effects of aeration recirculation on oxygen transfer and the fate of five volatile organic compounds (VOCs) commonly found in publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) influent are studied using various modeling approaches. The five compounds are benzene, chloroform, methylene chloride, toluene, and trichloroethylene. The models predict that the overall oxygen transfer efficiency can be increased by 96.7% at 50% aeration recirculation with only a 9.6% drop in oxygen transfer rate. The emission reductions and biodegradation improvements are compound specific; for the compounds investigated here, about 40% emission reductions and 16% biodegradation increases can be achieved at 50% aeration recirculation. The temperature effect on the VOC fate mechanisms is also investigated. Overall, the model predictions reveal that up to 50% aeration recirculation is effective in controlling VOC emissions.     

近40年深圳大鹏湾海域赤潮发生规律及其演变机制分析

对我国典型赤潮高发区深圳大鹏湾海域自1980至2018年的赤潮发生记录进行统计和分析,并对1991－2018年间大鹏湾盐田附近海域氮、磷及可溶性硅的年际变化和月变化进行了分析。分析结果表明,大鹏湾海域赤潮次数分布、赤潮生物演变均与营养盐变化直接相关,2000年以后,氮、磷降低是赤潮减少的主要原因;大鹏湾海域春季赤潮频发也与该季节营养盐较高有关;且硅藻几乎从大鹏湾海域赤潮生物中消失,无机氮、磷酸盐及可溶性硅的降低是导致海域赤潮生物演变的主要原因,甲藻由于可以在营养限制的条件下采用各种应对机制,故而成为海域占主导地位的赤潮优势种。     

利用烟气低温废热干燥处理印染污泥的中试

介绍一种利用烟气低温废热日处理印染污泥36t的中试系统,可一次将含水<80%的印染污泥直接干燥成含水10%~40%的干污泥,干污泥呈小颗粒状,全部可送入循环流化床锅炉燃烧以利用其热能。干燥系统内贫氧,避免污泥在干燥过程中爆燃现象;干燥系统设备及管道壁面附着1层约4mm左右的干硬保护层,阻止了烟气对设备及管道的腐蚀,运行安全。该系统也可适用于生化污泥、城市污泥及造纸污泥的处理。     

PS和ZnONPs颗粒生态冠复合物的赋存状态及形成规律

水环境中的生物大分子会在水中残留的颗粒物表面形成生态冠,从而影响颗粒物的赋存状态和生态行为.本研究测定了纳米氧化锌（ZnONPs）和聚苯乙烯微塑料（PS）与斑马鱼体外生物大分子作用形成的生态冠复合物的形貌、组分、水动力学直径及Zeta电位等,以此探究微、纳米颗粒生态冠复合物的赋存状态与形成规律.结果表明,斑马鱼体外生物大分子主要含有类酪氨酸蛋白、类色氨酸蛋白、类富里酸、可溶解性生物副产物和类腐殖酸.扫描电镜观察发现,PS和ZnONPs表面部分或全部被生物大分子包裹,形成生态冠复合物.三维荧光光谱分析发现,PS和ZnONPs对各类生物大分子亲和力不同.随着作用时间延长（3～24 h）,在PS生态冠组分中类酪氨酸蛋白的占比逐渐增加,类腐殖酸的占比逐渐减少;ZnONPs生态冠中这两类生物大分子组分的变化趋势呈相反的变化趋势;这两种生态冠复合物的组分变化都呈现时间-效应关系.PS-生态冠复合物和ZnONPs-生态冠复合物的水动力学直径都随着作用时间延长而增加.然而这两种生态冠复合物的Zeta电位绝对值却呈现不同的时间-效应关系,PS-生态冠复合物的Zeta电位绝对值随着作用时间延长而增加,Zn...     

天然气净化厂管道泄漏H2S毒害后果影响因素数值分析

为定量评估高含硫天然气开敞空间泄漏过程中风速、风向、泄漏速度、泄漏方向对毒害后果的影响,以天然气净化厂管道泄漏为例,采用正交实验设计方法设计实验场景,基于CFD进行泄漏扩散仿真实验,以吸入剂量、毒害面积、最大毒害面积到达时间、毒害体积、最大毒害体积到达时间作为毒害效应指标,分析不同因素对毒害后果的影响,并提出后果控制建议。研究结果表明:采用CFD方法进行泄漏扩散仿真能够还原泄漏扩散过程;利用正交实验进行影响因素分析可以节省实验资源、获取准确结果;风向和风速对各后果指标均比较敏感,在天然气净化厂建设过程中应着重考虑风的影响。仿真与正交实验结合的方法能够有效评估毒害后果影响因素的敏感性,可为毒害气体泄漏风险防控提供指导。     

Characteristics of coal mine ventilation air flows

Coal mine methane (CMM) is not only a greenhouse gas but also a wasted energy resource if not utilised. Underground coal mining is by far the most important source of fugitive methane emissions, and approximately 70% of all coal mining related methane is emitted to the atmosphere through mine ventilation air. Therefore, research and development on mine methane mitigation and utilisation now focuses on methane emitted from underground coal mines, in particular ventilation air methane (VAM) capture and utilisation. To date, most work has focused on the oxidation of very low concentration methane. These processes may be classified based on their combustion kinetic mechanisms into thermal oxidation and catalytic oxidation. VAM mitigation/utilisation technologies are generally divided into two basic categories: ancillary uses and principal uses. However, it is possible that the characteristics of ventilation air flows, for example the variations in methane concentration and the presence of certain compounds, which have not been reported so far, could make some potential VAM mitigation and utilisation technologies unfeasible if they cannot cope with the characteristics of mine site ventilation air flows. Therefore, it is important to understand the characteristics of mine ventilation air flows. Moreover, dust, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide, and other possible compounds emitted through mine ventilation air into the atmosphere are also pollutants. Therefore, this paper presents mine-site experimental results on the characteristics of mine ventilation air flows, including methane concentration and its variations, dust loadings, particle size, mineral matter of the dust, and other compounds in the ventilation air flows. The paper also discusses possible correlations between ventilation air characteristics and underground mining activities.     

微电解技术处理钻井污水的试验研究

采用铁屑/活性炭微电解法,对化学混凝处理后的钻井污水进行试验研究,得出最佳工艺条件:起始pH为1.0、铁/炭质量比为10、反应时间3h,宜选择活性炭、铸铁作为微电解法的材料。多因素正交试验表明:对CODCr去除能力的影响顺序为:起始pH>液固比>铁/炭质量比,对两种有代表性的活性炭分别确定了最佳工艺条件。在四川普光气田普光A-2井现场试验表明,化学混凝——铁屑/活性炭微电解处理钻井污水,能够达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)一级标准要求。     

饱和砂土排水与不排水剪切特性的比较研究

针对相对密度为30%的福建标准砂,利用土工静力-动力液压-三轴扭转多功能剪切仪,进行了复杂初始固结条件下应力路径变化的应力控制式单调排水与不排水剪切试验。试验过程中,控制平均主应力保持不变,分别探讨在排水与不排水条件下中主应力系数和主应力方向角对饱和砂土剪切特性和强度的影响。通过对比表明:在排水与不排水试验中,与排水条件无关,中主应力系数对归一化的应力—应变关系具有影响,但对体变或孔压的影响并不明显;当其余初始条件相同时,偏应力比随中主应力系数的增大而降低。主应力方向角的影响同样显著,排水试验的主应力方向角不同时,应力—应变关系所表现出的变化规律取决于水平面与竖直面上受到的剪应力作用,相变及峰值偏应力比和内摩擦角与主应力方向角之间存在抛物线型关系。不排水试验的峰值有效偏应力比随着主应力方向角的增大而减小。同时,对于不同的主应力方向,排水条件改变会影响试验得到的抗剪强度指标。     

基于宏基因组学的亚硝酸盐氧化菌属的新陈代谢功能分析

为探究亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)的菌群结构及其新陈代谢功能特性,在富集NOB菌属的基础上,基于宏基因组学技术探究了富集活性污泥系统内NOB微生物种群结构、相互作用关系、氮转化相关功能基因及蛋白质功能特性.结果表明,Nitrobacter为富集后活性污泥系统中最优势菌属,相对丰度为37.8％.微生物菌种之间表现出各种错综复...