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751.
752.
介绍了油田含油污泥的特征、来源,以及国内外相关法规政策和标准规范的制定情况;分析了含油污泥处置技术的主要研究进展和应用现状;对我国油田含油污泥处理处置技术提出了发展建议。 相似文献
753.
754.
Kae-Long Lin Wen-Kai Chang Tien-Chin Chang Ching-Hwa Lee Chun-Hsu Lin 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2009,17(16):1499-1503
The waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) directives are designed to deal with the rapidly increasing waste stream comprised of electrical and electronic equipment. Recycling electrical and electronic equipment reduces the quantity of waste going to final disposal. The demand for thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) panels, commonly used in everyday electronic products, is increasing. Conventionally adopted treatments of TFT-LCD waste glass cannot meet WEEE directives. This study adopts the following operating conditions in fabricating glass–ceramics: sintering temperature of 800–950 °C; sintering time of 6 h; and, temperature increase rate of 5 °C/min. The glass–ceramic samples then underwent a series of tests, including the Vickers hardness, water absorption and porosity tests, to determine product quality. The Vickers hardness was 12.1 GPa when fired at 900 °C for 6 h, and density was 2.4 g/cm3 and water absorption was 0%. Thus, TFT-LCD waste glass can be regarded as a good glass–ceramic material. 相似文献
755.
756.
研究了不同水文期条件下长三角某典型河流型水源地源水有机物种类分布特性及其与消毒副产物关系。结果表明,该水源地源水有机污染特性呈现出丰水期>平水期>枯水期的特点,水体腐殖化程度依次降低。经树脂富集分离后水样溶解性有机物(DOM)各组分占总有机碳(DOC)的比例有所不同。丰水期:疏水性有机酸(HPO A,38%)>亲水性有机物(HPI,26%)>过渡亲水性有机酸(TPI A,16%)>疏水性有机中性物质(HPO N,12%)>过渡亲水性中性物质(TPI N,8%);平水期:HPO A(32%)>HPO N(22%)>TPI A(20%)>HPI(18%)>TPI N(8%);枯水期:HPO A(28%)>TPI A(24%)>HPO N(20%)>HPI(19%)>TPI N(9%)。DOM中仅HPI组分比紫外吸光度值(SUVA)低于原水,其余均高于原水,其中HPO A组分SUVA值最高,是原水的177倍。各水文期条件下,疏水性有机物(疏水性有机酸和疏水性中性物质)对三卤甲烷和卤乙酸生成的贡献,分别超过全部有机物氯化后消毒副产物生成量的60%和65%,表明疏水性有机物是最主要的消毒副产物前体物,应当作为水处理工艺重点去除的有机物组分。各水文期源水有机物特性与消毒副产物生成潜能的关系变化不大,三卤甲烷生成潜能(STHMFP)与SUVA的线性相关度较高,卤乙酸生成潜能(SHAAFP)与SUVA的线性相关度一般。因此,可用水样SUVA值间接反映三卤甲烷生成潜能,以利于在实际生产中快速监控水中消毒副产物前体物的变化趋势 相似文献
757.
BO PAN BAOSHAN XING WENXIN LIU SHU TAO XIUMEI LIN YANXV ZHANG 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(8):1333-1347
Sorption characteristics of phenanthrene (PHE) were studied on eight soils with organic carbon contents spanning over an order of magnitude using phase distribution relationships (PDRs) at 1 h, 48 h, and 720 h contact times. A new algebraic method was employed to describe the sorption characteristics at different time intervals (between 1 h and 48 h, and 1 h and 720 h). It was found that nonlinearity increased with increasing contact time and sorption that occurred in the subsequent time interval following the initial 1 h exhibited stronger isotherm nonlinearity. Sorption coefficients were positively correlated with the organic carbon contents of the soils. Detailed sorption dynamics were also examined on these soils. A two-compartment, first-order model was used to describe the sorption dynamics. The rate constants of the two compartments differed 18–170 times, suggesting the dissimilar sorption behaviors of the mathematically separated compartments. These two compartments were labeled fast and slow sorption compartment according to the rate constants. Calculation showed that the fast compartment accounted for over 80% of the overall sorption at the initial 1 h, while the slow compartment predominated the total sorption in the following 47 h. By combining the discussion of PDRs and sorption dynamics, the contributions of the two compartments to linear and nonlinear sorption were differentiated. The slow sorption compartment made a major contribution to nonlinear sorption and possibly to sequestration of organic pollutants by these soils. 相似文献
758.
759.
Jian K. Zhang Ju X. Liu Li L. Wang Lin Chai Jian P. Wang 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(9):876-882
The objective of the present study was to develop an immunoassay for multi-determination of the residues of four macrolide antibiotics in milk. Tylosin was derivatized with 6-aminohexanoic acid to synthesize a hapten that was used to produce the monoclonal antibody. The obtained monoclonal antibody simultaneously recognized tylosin, acetylisovaleryltylosin, tilmicosin and desmycosin with crossreactivities of 100%, 91%, 49% and 76%, respectively. Then an indirect competitive immunoassay was developed to determine the four analytes in milk simultaneously. The limits of detection for the four analytes were in the range of 5.5–11.7 ng/mL depending on the compound. The recoveries of the four analytes from fortified blank milk were in the range of 78%–96% with coefficients of variation lower than 11.4%. The developed immunoassay could be used as a practical tool for rapid screening the residues of the four anlytes in milk. 相似文献
760.
A. Khlystov M. Lin M.A. Bolch Y. Ma 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(2):364-370
Wet denuders are used in several steam-based semi-continuous aerosol monitors to avoid gaseous absorption artifacts and pre-humidify the air stream, while simultaneously allowing measurements of water-soluble gaseous species. Unlike dry denuders, wet denuders saturate the sample air stream with water vapor, which can lead to re-partitioning of water-soluble volatile species to the aerosol phase, thereby causing a positive artifact in aerosol measurements. This paper investigates the magnitude of the positive artifact formation occurring in wet denuders using modeling techniques. Gaseous nitric acid was used as an example of volatile water-soluble gas in both flat and annular wet denuders. We have also verified the occurrence of the positive artifact in a flat wet denuder through a laboratory experiment. The model results indicate that the magnitude of the artifact is rather limited under typical conditions being less than 2.5% of ambient nitric acid concentration for the flat denuder and less than 0.6% for the annular denuder. The magnitude of the artifact increases with condensational sink of the aerosol (i.e. with the mean aerosol size and number concentration) and aerosol water solubility. While the artifact is relatively small in the absolute sense, it could be substantial for aerosol nitrate measurements, especially in ammonia limited conditions, when the concentration of the nitric acid is high and the concentration of nitrate is low. Therefore, we recommend that the artifact is assessed regularly by replacing the wet denuder with a dry denuder. 相似文献