中国省级环境决策支持系统的系统分析

中国省级环境决策支持系统(DSS)是基于GIS和各种模型的空间决策支持系统?该文介绍了DSS系统的系统分析方法和内容,包括软件需求说明?数据需求说明和总体设计      

大鹏湾春季海水理化因素与拟尖刺菱形藻种群密度的灰色系统模型研究

对1990年3月30日－6月25日在大鹏湾盐田海域的海水采样结果，用灰色理论的系统分析方法研究并计算大鹏湾地区海水中的拟尖刺菱形藻与浮游动物数量等15个海水理化因子变化的灰关联度，关联排序结果表明：浮游动物、Fe、浊度、Me、DO、V、Se、酸碱度、盐度和温度对拟尖刺菱形藻的种群增殖态有着较大的影响。进而建立灰色系统模型{GM（1，h )}对拟尖刺菱形藻种群增殖的动态辨识分析。     

金属体积成形过程有限元模拟中六面体网格重划技术的研究

针对金属体积成形过程有限元模拟中的网格重划问题 ,提出了基于边界构形的有限元网格重划技术 ,并对其中的一系列技术处理进行了详尽的讨论。将该技术应用于矩形块体镦粗过程的有限元模拟中 ,较好地解决了六面体网格重划问题。     

磁性纳米铁对厌氧颗粒污泥特性及其微生物群落的影响

考察了磁性纳米铁(Fe3O4NPs)对厌氧颗粒污泥溶解性微生物产物(SMP)、疏松胞外聚合物(LB-EPS)、紧密胞外聚合物(TB-EPS)的影响,同时利用高通量测序技术对厌氧颗粒污泥内微生物群落结构的变化进行了分析.结果表明,在长期接触实验过程中,投加Fe3O4NPs的反应器对COD去除率为83.6%,与对照组相比降低了5.7%.对照组与实验组中厌氧颗粒污泥TB-EPS含量(以VSS计)分别为178.20 mg·g-1和138.24 mg·g-1,而SMP含量分别为34.88 mg·L-1和27.44 mg·L-1;同时投加Fe3O4NPs后,在LB-EPS三维荧光(EEM)光谱中,紫外光区类腐殖酸荧光峰消失,辅酶F420荧光峰强度有所降低.在长期接触实验后,甲烷杆菌属(Methanobacterium)所占比例从76.15%增至86.76%,而甲烷丝菌属(Methanothrix)所占比例从17.1%降至7.51%,Methanothrix对于Fe3O4NPs更为敏感;总细菌群落变化明显,其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)所占比例从66.44%降至47.16%,放线菌门(Actinobacteria)所占比例从8.97%增至17.33%,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)所占比例从8.07%增至17.74%,厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门比例的增加对有机物的厌氧水解过程发挥积极的作用.     

Characteristics of molecular weight distribution of dissolved organic matter in bromide-containing water and disinfection by-product formation properties during treatment processes

The characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and bromide ion concentration have a significant influence on the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). In order to identify the main DBP precursors, DOM was divided into five fractions based on molecular weight (MW), trihalomethane formation potential and haloacetic acid formation potential were determined for fractions, and the change in contents of different fractions and total DBPs during treatment processes (pre-chlorination, coagulation, sand filtration, disinfection) were studied. Moreover, the relationship between bromide concentration and DBP generation characteristics in processes was also analyzed. The results showed that the main DBP precursors were the fraction with MW < 1 kDa and fraction with MW 3−10 kDa, and the DBP''s generation ability of lower molecular weight DOM (< 10 kDa) was higher than that of higher molecular weight DOM. During different processes, pre-chlorination and disinfection had limited effect on removing organics but could alter the MW distribution, and coagulation and filtration could effectively remove organics with higher MW. For DBPs, trihalomethanes (THMs) were mainly generated in pre-chlorination and disinfection, while haloacetic acids (HAAs) were mostly generated during pre-chlorination; coagulation and sand filtration had little effect on THMs but resulted in a slight removal of HAAs. In addition, the results of ANOVA tests suggested that molecular sizes and treatment processes have significant influence on DBP formation. With increasing bromide concentration, the brominated DBPs significantly increased, but the bromine incorporation factor in the processes was basically consistent at each concentration.     

乌鲁木齐市环境空气中TSP和PM10来源解析

2002年,在乌鲁木齐市5个采样点分别采集了环境空气中的总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)和可吸入颗粒物(PM10).用化学质量平衡 (CMB)受体模型和二重源解析技术解析了TSP和PM10的来源,结果表明,各主要源类对TSP的分担率依次为扬尘34%、燃煤尘26%、建筑水泥尘10%、硫酸盐8%、土壤风沙尘7%、机动车尾气尘6%、钢铁尘2%、硝酸盐1%、其它6%;对PM10的分担率依次为扬尘30%、燃煤尘28%、建筑水泥尘11%、硫酸盐10%、机动车尾气尘8%、土壤风沙尘8%、硝酸盐1%、其它3%.     

Kinetics of photoelectrocatalytic degradation of humic acid using B_2O_3·TiO_2/Ti photoelectrode

IntroductionEightypercentoforganicsubstancesinthesourcewaterisfromcrudehumicacidthatisacrudeorganiccompoundcreatedbyrottinganddecomposinginnaturalcycle ,thehighercontentofhumicacidis ,theworsequalityofthewateris,notonlycanitcausechrominance,offensiveodor,…     

Biodegradation of azo dyes by genetically engineered azoreductase

A azoreductase gene with 537 bp was obtained by PCR amplification from Rhodobacter sphaeroides ASI. 1737. The enzyme,with a molecular weight of 18.7 kD, was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli and its biodegradation characteristics for azo dyes were investigated. Furthermore, the reaction kinetics and mechanism of azo dyes catalyzed by the genetically engineered azoreductase were studied in detail. The presence of a hydrazo-intermediate was identified, which provided a convincing evidence for the assumption that azo dyes were degraded via an incomplete reduction stage.     

黄河岸边土壤中类二(口恶)英类多氯联苯污染现状及风险

研究了全黄河范围内40个国家重点控制断面岸边土壤样品中类二噁英类多氯联苯(dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls,DL-PCBs)的污染现状,并利用毒性当量法和健康风险评价模型定量描述黄河岸边土壤中DL-PCBs对沿岸居民的毒性风险、致癌风险和非致癌风险.结果表明,黄河岸边土壤中各采样断面岸边土壤中ΣDL-PCBs的含量(以dw计,下同)范围为:0.37~7.17 ng·g~(-1),均值为0.38 ng·g~(-1).毒性风险计算表明,黄河岸边土壤中DL-PCBs的毒性当量范围为:0.00~30.31 pg·g~(-1),均值是13.63 pg·g~(-1),基本不会对沿岸居民产生毒性风险;健康风险模型计算表明,黄河岸边土壤中DL-PCBs对儿童和成人的致癌风险、非致癌风险均未超过美国EPA规定的限值,基本不会产生明显的健康风险.相比而言,黄河中游沿岸居民更易受到DL-PCBs危害.     

去除城市生活污泥中有机络合态金属强化其厌氧生物制气

为提高城市生活污泥厌氧消化沼气产率,本文考察了通过金属络合剂EDTA预处理污泥,以去除城市生活污泥中有机络合态金属,强化其厌氧生物制气的效果.结果表明,经EDTA预处理去除金属后的污泥(实验组)较未预处理的污泥(对照组)的有机络合态金属含量减少[(5.09±0.57)%~(1.37±0.20)%,以TS计],溶解性有机质显著提高(SCOD提升627%),暗示该预处理方法能够极大地去除有机络合态金属并强化污泥有机质的溶出.通过测定污泥有机质溶出表观活化能发现,实验组污泥有机质溶出表观活化能比对照组降低36%,表明预处理能够有效降低有机质溶出反应的能量壁垒.污泥厌氧发酵研究发现,在16d的污泥厌氧产酸实验中,实验组VFAs浓度高于对照组,较对照组最大提升42%;在22 d的污泥厌氧产甲烷测试实验(BMP)中,实验组单位有机质累积甲烷产量比对照组增加48%,表明EDTA预处理对提高污泥厌氧消化产沼气具有重要的作用.通过进一步产沼气动力学研究发现,实验组的产沼气限速步骤在产甲烷阶段,而对照组限制于水解阶段,表明经EDTA预处理能有效地破除城市生活污泥厌氧消化过程的水解限速.