广州市白云山降水的化学特征及源解析

以2006年广州市白云山降水监测资料为基础,对其降水样品的化学特征进行了分析。结果表明,白云山降水样品pH值分布为3.04—6.41,雨量加权pH平均值为4.26,酸雨频率为70.2％,降水中的主要阳离子是Ca^2＋和NH^＋4分别占阳离子总量的46.4％和17.5％;主要阴离子为SO^2-4和NO^-3,分别占阴离子总量的59.0％和19.9％。相对酸度（FA）和中和因子（NF）计算结果表明,约有84.7％的降水酸度被碱性成分Ca^2＋和NH^＋4中和。利用富集系数方法,计算结果表明SO^2-4和NO^-3主要来源于人类活动,而Ca^2＋和K^＋主要来源于岩石／土壤风化。     

试析加强环境监测、监察业务联动的意义、内容和措施

环境监察和环境监测是环境保护工作的重要组成部分,监察体现了环保工作的权威性,监测则保证了环保工作的科学性。全面论述加强环境监察监测联动的重要意义,从思想和技术方面探讨加强环境监察监测联动的可行方法,对如何建立科学的环境监察与环境监测联动机制,快速、准确查处环保违法行为具有一定的指导意义。     

香烟燃烧排放的主流烟气中PAHs的含量检测研究

研究10种不同价格香烟燃烧烟气的多环芳烃(PAHs)含量特征,结果表明,每种香烟烟气都含有多环芳烃,但是含量差别较大,平均值为405.405ng/g。在检测出来的多环芳烃中,主要是以2,3环多环芳烃为主,占据的比例达到80%左右。因此香烟烟气中的多环芳烃应该引起人们的广泛关注。     

ICP-MS法同时测定地表水中18种金属元素

以115In-103Rh为双内标校正系统,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地表水中铜、锌、硒、砷、汞、镉、铅、铁、锰、钼、钴、铍、锑、镍、钡、钒、钛、铊等18种金属元素,优化了测量同位素、内标元素等试验条件。18种金属元素在0μg/L～100μg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为0.006μg/L～0.123μg/L,标准样品的测定值均在保证值范围内,平行测定的RSD为1.7%～4.2%,实际水样加标回收率为89.0%～100%。     

Investigating the spatial distribution of phototrophic picoplankton in a tropical estuary

We sampled extensively (29 stations) at the Klang estuarine system over a 3-day scientific expedition. We measured physical and chemical variables (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids, dissolved inorganic nutrients) and related them to the spatial distribution of phototrophic picoplankton (Ppico). Multivariate analysis of variance of the physicochemical variables showed the heterogeneity of the Klang estuarine system where the stations at each transect were significantly different (Rao’s F _{18, 36}?=?8.401, p?<?0.001). Correlation analyses also showed that variables related to Ppico abundance and growth were mutually exclusive. Distribution of Ppico was best explained by the physical mixing between freshwater and seawater whereas Ppico growth was correlated with temperature.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Synechococcus</Emphasis> production and grazing loss rates in nearshore tropical waters

Temporal variation of Synechococcus, its production (μ) and grazing loss (g) rates were studied for 2 years at nearshore stations, i.e. Port Dickson and Port Klang along the Straits of Malacca. Synechococcus abundance at Port Dickson (0.3–2.3 × 10⁵ cell ml^?1) was always higher than at Port Klang (0.3–7.1 × 10⁴ cell ml^?1) (p < 0.001). μ ranged up to 0.98 day^?1 (0.51 ± 0.29 day^?1), while g ranged from 0.02 to 0.31 day^?1 (0.15 ± 0.07 day^?1) at Port Klang. At Port Dickson, μ and g averaged 0.47 ± 0.13 day^?1 (0.29–0.82 day^?1) and 0.31 ± 0.14 day^?1 (0.13–0.63 day^?1), respectively. Synechococcus abundance did not correlate with temperature (p > 0.25), but nutrient and light availability were important factors for their distribution. The relationship was modelled as log Synechococcus = 0.37Secchi ? 0.01DIN + 4.52 where light availability (as Secchi disc depth) was a more important determinant. From a two-factorial experiment, nutrients were not significant for Synechococcus growth as in situ nutrient concentrations exceeded the threshold for saturated growth. However, light availability was important and elevated Synechococcus growth rates especially at Port Dickson (F = 5.94, p < 0.05). As for grazing loss rates, they were independent of either nutrients or light intensity (p > 0.30). In nearshore tropical waters, an estimated 69 % of Synechococcus production could be grazed.     

过氯乙烯滤膜采样-酸消解-钼蓝光度法测定磷酸雾

建立了过氯乙烯滤膜采样 -酸消解 -钼蓝分光光度法测定磷化车间磷酸雾的监测方法。实验室模拟采样的捕集效率为 95 7%～ 99 1 %。单个实验室对含 5μg和 1 5μg样品进行多次测定 ,其相对标准差小于 5% ,样品加标回收率为 98 2 %～ 1 0 0 5% ,方法检测限为 0 0 0 7mg/m3。对标样测定 ,结果均在给定值范围内。用该法与等离子发射光谱法(ICP)对 5个样品进行比对测定 ,结果均令人满意。     

2015—2019年保定市O3变化及其周边源区分析

利用保定市2015—2019年近地面O₃和气象观测数据,统计分析了该地区O₃变化特征及其与地面气温、相对湿度、风速和风向的关系,并确定了O₃的周边源区.结果表明,2015—2019年保定市O₃污染呈加重趋势,O₃污染超标天数从2015年的63 d增加至2019年的95 d.由于秋冬季昼夜温差较大,导致其O₃日变化相对扰动高于春夏季节.O₃浓度与近地面气温呈非线性正相关关系,随相对湿度(RH)的增加呈阶段性的先增后减的变化趋势,其中当RH为40%～50%时,O₃浓度及其污染超标率均达到最大.此外,风场对O₃分布有重要影响,盛行偏南风时易发生O₃重污染,表明影响该地区O₃污染源区主要位于保定南部.潜在源贡献因子分析方法(PSCF)和浓度权重轨迹分析法(CWT)的分析结果表明,保定市春夏O₃源区分布范围最大,其中贡献高值区主要分布在...     

南漪湖沉积物磷的赋存形态及对上覆水的影响

以宣城市南漪湖为例,采用改进的无机磷分级提取方法对全湖共39个点位沉积物中磷(P)赋存形态进行系统研究,并分析其与上覆水体、间隙水等相互关系.结果表明,南漪湖水体磷污染水平已经处于高位,沉积物间隙水磷与上覆水体磷空间分布特征具有密切关系.南漪湖沉积物中总磷(TP)含量变化范围为463.3～1016.6mg/kg,其中各形态磷空间分布具有明显的差异性,与外源磷输入等密切相关.赋存形态含量大小、相对比例顺序依次为:钙结合态磷(Ca-P)>铁结合态磷(Fe-P)>铝结合态磷(Al-P)>还原剂可溶性磷(RS-P)>残渣态磷(Res-P)>弱吸附态磷(L-P).沉积物中TP含量与Fe-P、RS-P、Res-P极显著正相关,与L-P含量显著正相关.外源磷输入和水产养殖对南漪湖沉积物内源磷中Fe-P和RS-P贡献可能较大.南漪湖沉积物内源磷对上覆水体的潜在风险较高,其中生物有效性较高的L-P、Al-P、Fe-P和Rs-P的总和相对比例可达60%左右.沉积物中磷形态与间隙水磷浓度关系较密切,其中Al-P、Ca-P对间隙水中磷迁移转化具有重要影响.南漪湖主要出入湖河口沉积...