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481.
Anaerobic biodegradation behavior of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs) was investigated. Results showed that terminal electron acceptors, organic matters, initial concentration, and temperature had great influence on the anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs. Anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs could be enhanced by adding sulfate or nitrate while this process could be inhibited by adding organic matters. The maximum removal rate increased 1.24 microM d(-1) for each ten micromoles increase in initial concentration. The decrease in temperature caused a sharp decrease in the removal efficiency of NPEOs. The temperature coefficient (PHI) for the anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs was 0.01 degrees C(-1). Nonylphenol (NP), the typical intermediate of NPEOs, could inhibit the anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs only at high concentration. However, these environmental factors had no effect on the anaerobic biodegradation pathway of NPEOs. The accumulation of NP and short-chain NPEOs during NPEO biodegradation led to a significant increase in the estrogenic activity during the biodegradation period. 相似文献
482.
Chen KS Wang HK Peng YP Wang WC Chen CH Lai CH 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2008,58(10):1318-1327
The sizes and concentrations of 21 atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured at Jhu-Shan (a rural site) and Sin-Gang (a town site) in central Taiwan in October and December 2005. Air samples were collected using semi-volatile sampling trains (PS-1 sampler) over 16 days for rice-straw burning and nonburning periods. These samples were then analyzed using a gas chromatograph with a flame-ionization detector (GC/FID). Particle-size distributions in the particulate phase show a bimode, peaking at 0.32-0.56 microm and 3.2-5.6 microm at the two sites during the nonburning period. During the burning period, peaks also appeared at 0.32-0.56 microm and 3.2-5.6 microm at Jhu-Shan, with the accumulation mode (particle size between 0.1 and 3.2 microm) accounting for approximately 74.1% of total particle mass. The peaks at 0.18-0.32 microm and 1.8-3.2 microm at Shin-Gang had an accumulation mode accounting for approximately 70.1% of total particle mass. The mass median diameter (MMD) of 3.99-4.35 microm in the particulate phase suggested that rice-straw burning generated increased numbers of coarse particles. The concentrations of total PAHs (sum of 21 gases + particles) at the Jhu-Shan site (Sin-Gang site) were 522.9 +/- 111.4 ng/ml (572.0 +/- 91.0 ng/ml) and 330.1 +/- 17.0 ng/ml (or 427.5 +/- 108.0 ng/ml) during burning and nonburning periods, respectively, accounting for a roughly 58% (or 34%) increase in the concentrations of total PAHs due to rice-straw burning. On average, low-weight PAHs (about 87.0%) represent the largest proportion of total PAHs, followed by medium-weight PAHs (7.1%), and high-weight PAHs (5.9%). Combustion-related PAHs during burning periods were 1.54-2.57 times higher than those during nonburning periods. The results of principal component analysis (PCA)/absolute principal component scores (APCS) suggest that the primary pollution sources at the two sites are similar and include vehicle exhaust, coal/wood combustion, incense burning, and incineration emissions. Open burning of rice straw was estimated to contribute approximately 5.0-33.5% to the total atmospheric PAHs at the two sites. 相似文献
483.
Yao Z Wang Q He K Huo H Ma Y Zhang Q 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2007,57(11):1379-1386
On-board emission measurements were performed on 49 light-duty gasoline vehicles in seven cities of China. Vehicle-specific power mode distribution and emission characteristics were analyzed based on the data collected. The results of our study show that there were significant differences in different types of roads. The emission factors and fuel consumption rates on arterial roads and residential roads were approximately 1.4-2 times those on freeways. The carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and nitrogen oxides emission factors of Euro II vehicles were on average 86.2, 88.2, and 64.5% lower than those of carburetor vehicles, respectively. The new vehicle emission standards implemented in China had played an important role in reducing individual vehicle emissions. More comprehensive measures need to be considered to reduce the total amount of emissions from vehicles. 相似文献
484.
利用实验模拟煤的自然发火过程,运用了非定温热重分析和微分热重分析手段,对4种煤样做了低温氧化实验研究,探讨了煤炭自然发火机理.运用Arrhenius典型方程分析出不同的热重数据,求出了煤样的动力参数,并讨论了煤低温氧化阶段的活化能和煤的自燃倾向性之间的关系.活化能可以作为划分煤自燃倾向性的参考指标. 相似文献
485.
486.
487.
探究了超声前处理活性艳红X-3B染料废水强化活性炭吸附降解性能及不同超声参数的影响规律,包括超声功率和超声时间。研究结果表明,超声前处理活性艳红X-3B染料废水可通过空化效应使有机大分子裂解为小分子易于被活性炭吸附,同时可强化其到活性炭微孔中传输,提高了活性炭吸附降解性能,最佳超声功率为320 W。浓度越高,所需超声时间越长,当超声达到一定时间后,继续超声不会影响染料分子的吸附。超声前处理虽然不会改变吸附平衡时间,但可有效增加活性炭处理活性艳红X-3B染料废水的饱和吸附量。 相似文献
488.
489.
对西北地区冰雹影响因子的探讨 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
利用1971~2000年西北185站3~9月逐月和年冰雹次数,分析了其空间分布特征和时间演变规律.西北年冰雹次数有三个中心,一个在青海的曲麻莱为19.6次,另一个在新疆西部的昭苏为17.6次,第三个在青海的刚察为12.7次.冰雹主要出现在6~8月,总站次的月变化呈单峰型,最大值出现在6月为20.5次,其次是7月为17.8次,再是8月为14.4次.总站次的历年变化呈现下降趋势,这与该地区平均气温的历年变化呈现出相反的趋势.冰雹次数与拔海高度呈显著的正相关,相关系数高达0.783 9;年冰雹次数与年平均气温呈显著的负相关,相关系数高达-0.701 6;年降水量与年冰雹次数呈正相关,降水量大,年冰雹次数也多. 相似文献
490.
拱形抗滑桩墙支护结构体系模型试验相似材料研制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据模型试验相似比尺和桩土间应力协调要求,用机制砂、河砂、水泥、石粉等配置了40组(每组6个)低强度、低弹性模量的圆柱形微混凝土相似材料试件.测试结果表明:微混凝土具有和原型混凝土大致相同的应力应变阶段和破坏模式,可以模拟原型结构的力学行为和变形、破坏特征.砂率和石粉取代率不同时,微混凝土试件的轴压强度和弹性模量在较大... 相似文献