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541.
作为洞庭湖一级支流,澧水对洞庭湖乃至长江水系鱼类资源的维持或补充有着重要作用。为了了解澧水的鱼类资源现状,于2010年4月~2011年12月,对湖南境内澧水水系鱼类资源进行调查。共采集鉴定鱼类95种(包括1种湖南鱼类新纪录,4种外来种),隶属于8目19科59属。种类组成以鲤科鱼类为主,占5053%。多样性分析表明,澧水不同江段鱼类群落多样性处于较好或丰富状态,在空间分布上,鱼类物种数按上、中、下游依次增加,多样性指数也呈上升趋势且差异显著(P<005)。相似性及聚类分析表明,澧水鱼类群落可分为3个类群,即:上、中、下游类群;上游与中游类群为中等相似,与下游类群为中等不相似,中游与下游类群相似性总体小于与上游类群相似性。澧水鱼类在洄游、摄食、栖息习性等生态类型上呈现多样化特征。调查江段渔获物组成虽存在差异,但主要以鲤、鲫、翘嘴鲌、蒙古鲌、鲇、黄颡鱼、[XCz1.tif;%85%85,JZ]、银鮈、中华花鳅、子陵吻鰕虎鱼等湖泊定居性或山溪流水性[JP3]鱼类为主,“四大家鱼”等洄游性鱼类所占比例极低,鱼类小型化现象明显,原因分析主要与水工建设和过度捕捞有关。[ 相似文献
542.
Abstract Ecological footprint (EF) has received considerable attention as a useful indicator in the context of sustainable development. So far, EF has been used in numerous studies by academies, organizations and government authorities. However, the results of these studies failed to be comparable directly with each other due to imprecise data sets, unmodified accounting methods of pasture and fossil energy, ignored secondary products, undefined process of calculating yield factors and improper biocapacity for biodiversity. In this paper, we elaborated on EF estimating methods from six categories of consumption in order to overcome the limitations above. We adopted precise data and revised methods, calculated EF of some secondary products, introduced weighted factor to calculate yield factors and adjusted biocapacity by an appropriate amount. Meanwhile, we investigated the resource consumption of Liaoning Province in 2006 to assess EF. Its results showed that Liaoning Province overused its natural capital and was in an unsustainable state. We concluded that two specific problems that had arisen in EF assessment and gave some suggestions for Liaoning Province to improve its unsustainable state. 相似文献
543.
ABSTRACTGlobal environmental cooperation serves as an important part in the Chinese ideal of building a Community with a Shared Future for all Human Beings. The report of 19th CPC National Congress indicates that China is committed to proactive mitigation under the Paris Agreement and further participating in global environmental governance under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and both of which are largely integrated to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). BRI are also closely linked with South–South environmental and climate cooperation proposed by China from previous UN summits. Based on shared ideas, intersected agendas, and compatible governance approaches, BRI and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development grow increasingly relevant and they might form synergies based on increasingly interactive relations. In sum, seeking and intensifying the linkages between BRI and 2030 sustainable development goals (SDGs) could address global environmental governance deficits and enhance cooperation among nations. 相似文献
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Solomon D Lehmann J de Zarruk KK Dathe J Kinyangi J Liang B Machado S 《Journal of environmental quality》2011,40(3):704-718
We investigated speciation, oxidative state changes, and long- and short-term molecular-level dynamics of organic S after 365 d of aerobic incubation with and without the addition of sugarcane residue using XANES spectroscopy. Soil samples were collected from the upper 15 cm of undisturbed grasslands since 1880, from undisturbed grasslands since 1931, and from cultivated fields since 1880 in the western United States. We found three distinct groups of organosulfur compounds in these grassland-derived soils: (i) strongly reduced (S to S) organic S that encompasses thiols, monosulfides, disulfides, polysulfides, and thiophenes; (ii) organic S in intermediate oxidation (S to S) states, which include sulfoxides and sulfonates; and (iii) strongly oxidized (S) organic S, which comprises ester-SO-S. The first two groups represent S directly linked to C and accounted for 80% of the total organic S detected by XANES from the undisturbed soils. Aerobic incubation without the addition of sugarcane residue led to a 21% decline in organanosulfur compounds directly linked to C and to up to an 82% increase inorganic S directly bonded to O. Among the C-bonded S compounds, low-valence thiols, sulfides, thiophenic S, and intermediate-valence sulfoxide S seem to be highly susceptible to microbial attack and may represent the most reactive components of organic S pool in these grassland soils. Sulfonate S exhibited a much lower short-term reactivity. The incorporation of sugarcane residue resulted in an increase in organosulfur compounds directly bonded to C at the early stage of incubation. However, similar to soils incubated without residue addition, the proportion of organic S directly linked to C continued to decline with increasing duration of aerobic incubation, whereas the proportion of organic S directly bonded to O showed a steady rise. 相似文献
547.
对于投资较少的上游式尾矿筑坝法而言,在实际的堆积施工过程中,由于很难严格按照设计的坡比进行每一级子坝的堆筑,导致矿方无法及时、真正掌握当前尾矿坝的受力性能和稳定状态。因此,针对某典型尾矿坝剖面,采用迈达斯商业软件试用版对尾矿坝的堆积过程进行了模拟分析,利用强度折减有限元方法对施工当前状态的尾矿坝进行了边坡稳定分析,得到了当前状态尾矿坝的塑性剪应变云图和相对应的抗滑稳定安全系数。比较了尾矿坝安全系数随着子坝堆筑的变化情况,结果发现:随着堆积子坝的进行,尾矿坝的整体抗滑稳定系数逐渐减小,此外在初期坝和一级子坝的下游坡脚处容易出现相对较大的变形。此研究结果为矿部管理部门及时了解尾矿坝的稳定程度和实际生产提供了技术支持。 相似文献
548.
介绍说明几起氧气瓶内附油脂充氧过程中爆炸事故。介绍高压氧气与油脂的反应,论述了空压机润滑油燃烧基本特性,采用热重天平进行了空压机润滑油在不同压力的气体氛围内的燃烧试验,建立起空压机润滑油的热重和微商热重曲线,得到空压机润滑油在不同压力的氧气氛围内的自燃点。放入加压热重分析仪内的润滑油,接触高压氧气后迅速被氧化,氧气压力越高,氧化程度越深。随着氧气压力的升高,润滑油的着火点降低。这表明氧气瓶中油脂,随着充氧压力的增加,着火点降低,即压力越大,油脂越容易自燃,释放热量,导致爆炸。提出安全措施。 相似文献
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