新疆油田含聚污水处理技术应用研究

针对新疆油田聚合物驱含油污水特点,在不改变高效水质净化与稳定技术配套污水处理工艺的基础上,形成了一套聚驱产出液的技术。研究确定了"氧化+曝气"的预处理技术结合旋流反应工艺做为含聚污水处理的核心工艺,可实现含聚污水的有效净化,并筛选优化与之配套的化学药剂体系。通过室内大量模拟实验,结果表明:此工艺可达到室内净化后水中悬浮物含量≤15mg/L,含油≤10mg/L。     

大庆石化公司化工三厂中水回用探讨

中水回用是企业普遍采用的节水减排方式之一。大庆石化公司化工三厂中水回用装置采用目前国内较为先进的工艺,中水主要经过曝气生物滤池、水处理生化系统、臭氧尾气回收处理——预臭氧化系统、二氧化氯发生系统等单元的处理得以回用。装置投用后满负荷生产每年可减排污水约80多万吨,减排COD约80t。文章针对存在的问题进行了分析并提出了对策措施。     

Ground-level ozone in the Pearl River Delta and the roles of VOC and NO(x) in its production

In many regions of China, very rapid economic growth has been accompanied by air pollution caused by vehicle emissions. In one of these regions, the Pearl River Delta, the variations of ground-level ozone and its precursors were investigated. Overall, the ambient concentrations of NO(2) increased quickly between 1995 and 1996, but then slightly decreased due to stringent nitrogen oxide (NO(x)) emission controls. Nonetheless, ambient NO(2) levels in the Pearl River Delta remained high. The regional average concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were 290 ppbC in summer and 190 ppbC in autumn. Local emissions and long-distance transportation of pollutants play important roles in the regional distribution of VOCs. Ambient O(3) production is significant in urban areas and also downwind of cities. The relative incremental reactivities (RIRs), determined by an observation-based model, showed that ground-level ozone formation in the Guangzhou urban area is generally limited by the concentrations of VOCs, but there are also measurable impacts of NO(x).     

隧道实验测定南京市机动车PM_（10）排放因子

选取南京城市隧道进行机动车PM10平均排放因子的测试研究。采用质量平衡模型和多元线性回归方法计算了4种车型PM10的综合排放因子。结果表明：隧道内机动车PM10平均排放因子为0.347±0.100 g/（km·辆）;大型车的PM10排放因子远高于其他车型的排放因子,其次是中型车和摩托车,小型车最小,其综合排放因子分别为1.440 g/（km·辆）、0.850 g/（km·辆）、0.790 g/（km·辆）和0.320 g/（km.辆）;在车速相似的情况下,本隧道实验所测机动车的PM10排放因子与国内隧道实验结果相仿,却远大于国外隧道实验结果。     

探讨企业安全生产责任制

安全生产责任制是企业最基本的一项安全制度,它是企业责任制的一个重要组成部分,也是企业安全生产、劳动保护管理制度的核心。实践表明,明确安全管理责任,落实安全生产责任制是企业搞好安全生产工作的关键。     

Enhanced degradation of bioremediation residues in petroleum-contaminated soil using a two-liquid-phase bioslurry reactor

A study was performed to determine the potential of two-liquid-phase (TLP) bioslurry reactors using silicon oil as solvent for degradation of residual contaminants in petroleum-contaminated soil. The residues were characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. This allowed for the identification of a mixture of residual biomarkers, metabolic byproducts, oxygenated and hetero-polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the contaminated soil. The removal amount of total extractable organics (TEO) was 15 900 mg kg⁻¹ soil in the TLP reactor within 12 weeks. However, TEO remained intact in the bioslurry reactor without the addition of silicon oil for the duration of the experiment, due to high toxicity of metabolites to the microorganisms. The availability of TEO was calculated using a mild extraction with Triton X-100, and the amount of TEO extracted was in accord with the amount of biodegraded TEO. Significantly reduced toxicity in soil was observed at week 12 through TLP remediation. Dehydrogenase activity in the bioslurry reactor was strongly suppressed. Fluorescein diacetate was significantly hydrolyzed by the composition of bioremediation residues in the contaminated soil. Microbial adhesion to the solvent was revealed by the determination of microbial activity in the water-immiscible-liquid.     

An examination of oxidant amounts on secondary organic aerosol formation and aging

The effect of HO_x radicals (OH and HO₂) and ozone (O₃) on aerosol formation and aging has been studied. Experiments were performed in presence as well as in absence of oxygen in a flow-through chamber at 299 K for three organic precursor gases, isoprene, α-pinene and m-xylene. The HO_x source was the UV photolysis of humidified air or nitrogen and was measured with a GTHOS (Ground-based Tropospheric Hydrogen Oxides Sensor). The precursor gases concentration was monitored with an online GC-FID. The aerosol mass was then quantified by a Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM). Typical oxidant mixing ratios were (0–4.5) ppm for O₃, 200 pptv for OH and 3 ppbv for HO₂. A simple kinetics model is used to infer the aerosol production mechanism. In the present of O₃ (or O₂), the SOA yields were 0.46, 0.036 and 0.12 for α-pinene with an initial concentration of 100 ppbv (RH = 37%), isoprene with an initial concentration of 177 ppbv (RH = 50%) and m-xylene with an initial concentration of 100 ppbv (RH = 37%), respectively. When the chosen precursor gases reacted with HO_x in the absence of O₃, the maximum SOA yields were significantly increased by factors of 1.6 for isoprene 1.1 for α-pinene, and 3 for m-xylene respectively. The comparison of the calculated and measured potential aerosol mass concentrations as function of time shows that presence of ozone or oxygen can influence the aerosol yield and the absence of ozone or oxygen in the system resulted in high concentrations of its organic aerosol products.     

皮革废水混凝处理实验研究

采用混凝剂对皮革废水进行混凝处理。对3种无机混凝剂和一种有机混凝剂进行了筛选,研究了pH值和投药量对废水中SS、COD、铬和色度等污染物去除效果的影响。结果表明,当pH值在酸性和中性时,效果不明显;当pH值为碱性时,效果显著。硫酸亚铁、硫酸亚铁+PAM和聚合氯化铝(PAC)+PAM 3种混凝剂组合具有良好的混凝效果,在合适的pH值和投药量下,SS和COD的去除率分别达到80%和30%以上,铬和色度的去除率分别达到95%和50%以上。且硫酸亚铁混凝效果好,成本低,适合小型皮革企业需求。     

基于WRF三峡地区不同区域降水中下垫面效应数值试验研究

利用具有代表性的三峡地区区域性降水个例,基于WRF模式,在模式下垫面中加入长江水体以及修改局地地形,研究局地环流和气象要素对局地下垫面变化的响应。结果表明：加入长江水体后,不同区域性降水个例空间降水变化上,没有出现明显的降水变化区,表明长江水体对区域局地性降水影响较小;同时加入长江水体和修改地形高度后,空间上降水具有明显的变化,且与修改地形后的降水空间变化较一致,表明局地地形对区域降水空间变化具有重要影响;加入长江水体后,近地面2 m高度相对湿度变化上,不同区域性降水个例表现不一,总体上对局地相对湿度影响较小;近地面2 m温度、地表向上的水汽通量和地表向上的潜热通量均为增加,在局地地形的“喇叭口”效应作用下,长江水体拐弯处增加效应明显     

印制电路板工艺涂层防湿热、防霉菌、防盐雾试验标准的对比与分析

本文对现有标准中印制电路板工艺涂层的防湿热、防霉菌、防盐雾试验方法进行了对比,分析了各标准在标准试样制备、试验依据方法及表征参数等方面的要求,对比分析结果可为印制电路板工艺涂层三防性能验证试验方案设计提供指导。