新型钢结构法兰节点不同加强环板的数值模拟研究

设计制作了一种采用高强螺栓连接的新型法兰外环板式节点试件,在低周往复加载试验研究中,直角型加强环板转角处存在应力集中现象。以该试验为基础,通过大型有限元软件ABAQUS对试件进行数值模拟,将模拟与试验所得到的破坏机制、滞回曲线和骨架曲线的结果进行了对比验证,证明了ABAQUS模型的可靠性。为避免上述直角型加强环板中存在的应力集中现象,将模型中加强环板转角构造形式改为圆弧型,比较了不同形式下的节点破坏模式以及滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性性能、耗能能力、刚度退化等抗震性能参数,结果表明：圆弧型转角形式能够较好地避免节点直角型加强环板转角处的应力集中且提升了抗震性能。数值模拟研究为该新型法兰外环板式节点的深入研究与工程应用提供了一定的理论基础。     

基于物质平衡模型的工业汞污染防治环境经济手段分析

我国以行政命令手段为主的环境管理措施并不能完全有效控制环境汞污染,因而有必要引入环境经济手段。本文基于汞在采掘、冶炼和产品生产三个生产环节中的利用、处置与排放特征,构建了经济系统及行业部门的汞物质平衡模型,并发现,单个污染源的汞污染物治理难以保证消除汞的环境危害。因而,采取环境经济手段控制工业汞污染,尽可能少的向环境中排放汞,在涉汞工业系统的层面上提高汞的利用效率和再资源化率。我国工业汞污染防治的环境经济手段包括环境污染价格、税费以及绿色金融两大类,但仅对生产环节高浓度汞排放发挥作用,对于堆存、再提取和处置环节的汞排放则作用不大。对此,应从扩大环境税(排污费)的征收范围,建立长效的绿色金融机制和推进第三方治理低含量含汞废物,这三个方面加以改进。     

发达国家环境健康损害赔偿模式对中国的启示

随着经济的发展,中国环境污染事故也到了一个高发期.如何构建适合中国国情的健康损害赔偿保障体系,对贯彻落实环保法的污染责任险至关重要.分析了发达国家现有公害病的补偿资金来源与形式,将其分为环境责任险、环境赔偿基金、环境税收、社会捐赠等,并对以上健康损害赔偿模式是否适用于中国进行了分析.研究发现,相比于发达国家,中国目前尚未建立完整的环境污染导致健康损害赔偿的经济保障体系.虽然中国在环境责任险领域已有一定的基础,但真正涉及健康损害的责任险工作却十分薄弱,其它健康损害赔偿的经济保障措施,如用于支付健康损害的环境税收体系、环境赔偿基金、社会捐赠体系等尚不完善.借鉴发达国家的经验,就中国现阶段亟待开展的健康损害赔偿模式进行剖析,以期为探索适用于中国的健康损害赔偿保障体系提供参考.     

基于样品工作状态的爆炸性大气试验方法研究

目的验证并改进在爆炸性大气环境工作状态下的样品防爆能力。方法通过对一种特种环境试验"爆炸性大气试验"的应用背景介绍,划分与归纳处于工作状态中的受试样品在该试验过程中的工作特征,以GJB 150.13A《军用装备实验室环境试验方法第13部分:爆炸性大气》规定的程序I"在爆炸性大气中工作"作为试验标准,对其试验程序进行研究说明。结果通过实际案例对爆炸性大气试验过程进行了描述。结论爆炸性大气试验属于较少见的特种试验,缺乏普遍性试验程序,通过对该试验方法的研究可对我国环境工程领域特种试验实施方法提供理论依据和技术支撑。     

苏南城市空气质量污染特征及趋势分析研究

利用2013年-2015年苏南5市空气自动站监测数据,分析了该地区空气质量的污染特征和变化趋势.研究发现:2013年-2015年,苏南5市空气优良率为56.9%～68.9%,PM2.5是主要污染物;沿长江向东,空气污染逐步偏向光化学污染类型.从时间上可知,呈现冬季以PM2.5污染为主、春夏季以O3污染为主的特征;PM2.5等4项污染物24小时呈现双峰.从趋势上可知,PM2.5等5种污染物浓度呈下降趋势,O3污染有所加重.同时,各市也表现了不同的情况,管理上需要区别对待.     

Effects of synthesis methods on catalytic activities of CoOx–TiO2 for low-temperature NH3-SCR of NO

A series of cobalt doped TiO_2(Co-TiO_2) and Co Oxloaded TiO_2(Co/TiO_2) catalysts prepared by sol–gel and impregnation methods respectively were investigated on selective catalytic reduction with NH_3(NH_3-SCR) of NO. It was found that Co-TiO_2 catalyst showed more preferable catalytic activity at low temperature range. From characterization results of XRD,TEM, Raman and FT-IR, Co species were proved to be doped into TiO_2 lattice by replaced Ti atoms. After being characterized and analyzed by NH_3-TPD, PL, XPS, EPR and DRIFTS, it was found that the better NH_3-SCR activities of Co-TiO_2 catalysts, compared with Co/TiO_2 catalyst, were ascribed to the formation of more oxygen vacancies which further promoted the production of more superoxide ions(O-2). The superoxide ions were crucial for the formation of low temperature SCR reaction intermediates(NO-3) by reacting with adsorbed NO molecule. Therefore, these aspects were responsible for the higher low temperature NH_3-SCR activity of Co-TiO_2 catalysts.     

管-土相互作用模型试验的尺寸效应及可靠性分析

为了分析北京地区粉质黏土场地中管-土相互作用土弹簧模型参数,进行了一系列管土相互作用试验。由于人力、经费、场地等原因,模型箱尺寸无法取到无限大,模型箱的尺寸效应有可能使试验数据出现一定偏差。为了检验已开展模型试验结果的可靠性,基于ABAQUS有限元软件进行了数值仿真,探讨了土体的破坏模式,研究了管-土相互作用试验的尺寸效应,并得到如下结论:土体破坏模式可分为深埋和浅埋两种破坏模式;模型箱下方和后方边界对试验结果影响较小,当深径比大于6时,前方边界开始对试验结果产生影响。最后,分析和修正了试验结果并对类似试验中的模型箱尺寸选取给出了建议。     

Prediction of per capita water consumption for 31 regions in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Considering the shortage of per capita water resources in China, the paper established a fractional order accumulated grey prediction model (FGM(1,1))...     

Bioretention for removal of nitrogen: processes,operational conditions,and strategies for improvement

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As one of the low-impact development measures, bioretention plays an important role in reducing the runoff peak flow and minimizing runoff pollutants,...     

Particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in typical urban of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: Characterization,sources and risk assessment

• The sampling was conducted in city on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau for one year. • The groups of PAHs revealed their different environmental fates and migration paths. • Seasonal biomass burning could affect the concentration by long-distance transport. • Industrial sources and traffic emissions were the main contributor of PAHs. • Living in industrial areas or winter had higher health risk by exposure PAHs in PM_2.5. Monthly particle-phase ambient samples collected at six sampling locations in Yuxi, a high-altitude city on the edge of Southeast Asia, were measured for particle-associated PAHs. As trace substances, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are susceptible to the influences of meteorological conditions, emissions, and gas-particulate partitioning and it is challenging job to precise quantify the source and define the transmission path. The daily concentrations of total PM_2.5-bound PAHs ranged from 0.65 to 80.76 ng/m³, with an annual mean of 11.94 ng/m³. Here, we found that the concentration of PM_2.5-bound PAHs in winter was significantly higher than that in summer, which was mainly due to source and meteorology influence. The increase of fossil combustion and biomass burning in cold season became the main contributors of PAHs, while precipitation and low temperature exacerbated this difference. According to the concentration variation trend of PM_2.5-bound PAHs and their relationship with meteorological conditions, a new grouping of PAHs is applied, which suggested that PAHs have different environmental fates and migration paths. A combination of source analysis and trajectory model supported local sources from combustion of fossil fuel and vehicle exhaust contributed to the major portion on PAHs in particle, but on the Indochina Peninsula the large number of pollutants emitted by biomass burning during the fire season would affect the composition of PAHs through long-range transporting. Risk assessment in spatial and temporal variability suggested that citizens living in industrial areas were higher health risk caused by exposure the PM_2.5-bound PAHs than that in other regions, and the risk in winter was three times than in summer.