紫外辐照-催化湿式过氧化氢氧化技术处理酸性大红GR染料废水

采用自制的负载型CuO-ZnO-CeO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂,常温常压下通过紫外辐照-催化湿式氧化技术处理酸性大红GR模拟染料废水。考察了催化剂加入量、H2O2加入量、废水pH、反应时间、初始酸性大红GR质量浓度等对废水脱色率的影响。实验得到最佳工艺条件为初始酸性大红GR质量浓度200mg/L,催化剂加入量10.0g/L,H2O2加入量2.0mL/L,废水pH4,反应时间2h。最佳工艺条件下废水脱色率达99.33%。     

Abnormal glucose regulation in pyrethroid pesticide factory workers

The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between pyrethroids occupational exposures, and risk of abnormal glucose regulation. Data from total of 3080 subjects in two pesticide factories were used. This was a population-based case-controlled study in China. In total, 18.3% of subjects with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and 6.5% of subjects with diabetes, and the prevalence of abnormal glucose regulation was 24.8%, 86 subjects had known type 2 diabetes and 114 had newly diagnosed diabetes. The prevalence of subjects with abnormal glucose regulation increased from 21.3% in the controls to 29.3% in the exposures (χ² = 33.182, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression was used to control potential confounders and calculate odd ratios as the estimate of effect. An indication of increased risk for abnormal glucose regulation was noted for exposure to pyrethroids (OR = 1.482, 95%CI = 1.238-1.774). Abnormal glucose regulation is common in subjects exposed to pyrethroids. The present investigation indicates the adverse health effects of pyrethroids are underestimated.     

Spatial distribution of ciguateric fish in the Republic of Kiribati

Ciguatera is food poisoning caused by human consumption of reef fish contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs). The expanding international trade of tropical fish species from ciguatera-endemic regions has resulted in increased global incidence of ciguatera, and more than 50 000 people are estimated to suffer from ciguatera each year worldwide. The Republic of Kiribati is located in the Pacific Ocean; two of its islands, Marakei and Tarawa, have been suggested as high-risk areas for ciguatera. The toxicities of coral reef fish collected from these islands, including herbivorous, omnivorous and carnivorous fish (24% [n = 41], 8% [n = 13] and 68% [n = 117], respectively), were analyzed using the mouse neuroblastoma assay (MNA) after CTX extraction. The MNA results indicated that 156 fish specimens, or 91% of the fish samples, were ciguatoxic (CTX levels >0.01 ng g⁻¹). Groupers and moray eels were generally more toxic by an order of magnitude than other fish species. All of the collected individuals of eight species (n = 3-19) were toxic. Toxicity varied within species and among locations by up to 10 000-fold. Cephalapholis argus and Gymnothorax spp. collected from Tarawa Island were significantly less toxic than those from Marakei Island, although all individuals were toxic based on the 0.01 ng g⁻¹ threshold. CTX concentrations in the livers of individuals of two moray eel species (Gymnothorax spp., n = 6) were nine times greater than those in muscle, and toxicity in liver and muscle showed a strong positive correlation with body weight. The present study provides quantitative information on the ciguatoxicity and distribution of toxicity in fish for use in fisheries management and public health.     

稻秆对铜绿微囊藻抑制作用的研究

研究了稻秆浸出液对铜绿微囊藻生长的抑制作用.研究表明,稻秆浸出液中含有的化学物质抑制了铜绿微囊藻的生长繁殖.稻秆浸泡时间的延长,有利于提高浸出液的抑藻效果,但浸泡时间过长则无益于抑藻效果提高,浸泡时间为15 d时,抑制率能高达75.99%.稻秆浸出液投加量达7.5%以上具有显著的抑藻效果.不同部位的水稻秸秆浸出液对铜绿...     

水力条件对复合人工湿地处理城市受污染河水效果的影响

通过对水力负荷、水力停留时间等水力条件的控制,观察其对复合垂直上行流人工湿地处理城市受污染河水效果的影响.一年多来的运行结果表明:水力条件对复合垂直上行流人工湿地去除其他污染物的影响显著,但对总氮去除的影响不大.水力停留时间的延长可提高总磷、氨氮、COD的去除效果;随着水力负荷的增加,总磷、氨氮、COD去除率都有所增加...     

赤泥协同Fenton法处理焦化废水的研究

采用赤泥吸附协同Fenton法处理焦化废水,两者协同处理对COD的去除率高于其单独处理之和.考察了赤泥投加量、初始pH值、反应温度、H2O2浓度和Fe2+浓度等因素对降解效果的影响,实验结果表明,在20 g/L的赤泥、初始pH=3、80 mmol/L的H2O2、224 mg/L的Fe2+的最佳条件下,经过120 min...     

拜耳法赤泥粒径分级预处理的研究

赤泥是从铝土矿中提取氧化铝的过程中产生的工业废渣.分析了拜耳法赤泥的粒径分布,以及主要化学组成和矿物组成在不同粒径赤泥中的变化规律.在此基础上,提出先将赤泥粒径分级预处理,然后根据粗细粒径赤泥的差异分别进行回收利用的思路.研究结果表明,赤泥中粒径大于0.075 mm的粗颗粒以铁、硅、钙为主,实践证明可以通过磁选或重选工...     

阴极氧还原产电生物可渗透反应栅的研究Ⅰ. 不锈钢毛电极模拟反应器

提出利用阴极氧还原和阳极微生物产电作用的产电生物可渗透反应栅（CORE-PRB）方法用于被有机物污染的地下水的修复,并以不锈钢毛为电极建立模拟反应装置验证了CORE-PRB的技术概念。实验中考察了分别以蔗糖＋醋酸盐和不同浓度的污泥消化液为进水时的反应电流,并研究电极距离对反应电流的影响。由于氧还原阴极阳极反应能力的限制,随着与阴极室距离加大,模拟反应装置各阳极室的电流迅速减小。有机基质的可生化性对模拟反应器的总电流也有显著影响。     

阶式生物接触氧化对富营养化太湖水源水中溶解有机物的去除性能研究

构建阶式生物接触氧化反应器处理富营养化太湖水源水,对其净水效能进行研究。结果表明,在优化工况条件下,阶式生物氧化反应器的三阶对太湖水源水中DOC的累积去除率分别为34．4％、40．2％和47．5％,对BDOC的总去除率为68．4％,除生物降解外,填料拦截、生物吸附絮凝等物理、化学作用对去除原水中的DOC仍有重要作用。DOC分子量分级表明,太湖源水中含量最大的是分子量〈500Da的DOC,含量最小的是分子量在5k～500Da间的DOC。阶式生物接触氧化反应器对分子量〈500 Da的DOC的去除率在60％以上,而出水中5k～500 Da区间的DOC含量相比原水增加近1倍。     

餐厨垃圾厌氧消化中硬脂酸钙的形成及作用

在稳定运行的餐厨垃圾单相厌氧消化体系中,出现白色颗粒状物质,且随着负荷的提高,其数量和粒径不断增加。利用能谱技术分析白色颗粒的元素组成,结合傅里叶红外光谱和13C核磁共振技术分析白色颗粒中的官能基团。经过研究分析认为,该白色颗粒的主要成分为长链羧酸钙盐,具体为硬脂酸钙。同时,对其形成过程进行了分析。该物质的形成对餐厨垃圾中油脂的去除提供了新的思路和途径。