水体中高锰酸盐指数的流动注射分析方法

研究了用流动注射分析技术测定水体中高锰酸盐指数。使用新发明的耐腐蚀恒流泵、低记忆高效混合器、不存留气泡流通池等部件,通过高温高压,缩短消解时间,从而建立了一种可用于无人值守的自动在线快速监测水体中高锰酸盐指数的分析方法。     

Land desertification monitoring and assessment in Yulin of Northwest China using remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS)

The objective of this study is to develop techniques for assessing and analysing land desertification in Yulin of Northwest China, as a typical monitoring region through the use of remotely sensed data and geographic information systems (GIS). The methodology included the use of Landsat TM data from 1987, 1996 and 2006, supplemented by aerial photos in 1960, topographic maps, field work and use of other existing data. From this, land cover, the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), farmland, woodland and grassland maps at 1:100,000 were prepared for land desertification monitoring in the area. In the study, all data was entered into a GIS using ILWIS software to perform land desertification monitoring. The results indicate that land desertification in the area has been developing rapidly during the past 40 years. Although land desertification has to some extent been controlled in the area by planting grasses and trees, the issue of land desertification is still serious. The study also demonstrates an example of why the integration of remote sensing with GIS is critical for the monitoring of environmental changes in arid and semi-arid regions, e.g. in land desertification monitoring in the Yulin pilot area. However, land desertification monitoring using remote sensing and GIS still needs to be continued and also refined for the purpose of long-term monitoring and the management of fragile ecosystems in the area.     

太湖蓝藻水华时空分布与预警监测响应的分析

选择2007和2008年200幅EOS/MODIS太湖蓝藻监测遥感影像,统计分析了梅梁湾、竺山湾宜兴段、贡湖湾、东太湖胥口湾和湖州方向湖体蓝藻水华爆发的空间和时间分布规律。并在得出全太湖蓝藻水华空间和时间分布规律的基础上,从环境监测部门蓝藻预警监测工作的实际出发,将蓝藻水华预警监测的响应划分为常规监测和应急监测,提出了具体的监测要求,为环太湖地区的相关部门更好地开展蓝藻预警监测工作提供了科学依据。     

杭州城区环境空气中二口恶英浓度状况研究

依据2009年7月至2012年2月连续3年对杭州城区环境空气中二英（PCDD/Fs）采样分析结果得知,杭州城区环境空气中二英毒性当量质量浓度变化范围为0.13～0.55 pg TEQ/m³,均值为0.34 pg TEQ/m³。城区环境空气中二英浓度季节变化不显著,夏季略低于冬季;城区范围内不同功能区之间二英浓度差别不显著;连续3年监测结果未显现二英年度变化趋势。沙尘暴天气环境空气中二英浓度显著增高,日常天气和烟花爆竹集中燃放天气环境空气中二英形态分布存在明显区别,烟花爆竹集中燃放期间八氯代二苯并-对-二英（OCDD）占总质量浓度比例显著提高。利用IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0统计软件对24个监测结果聚类分析发现,杭州城区环境空气中二英的同类物分布具有明显的“源”分布特征。     

Improve Compliance with Limited Resources by a Three-Group Inspection Regime

Frequent monitoring and relatively high fines are usually necessary to bring about improvements in environmental quality, but more challenging for many countries with limited human, material, and financial resources is to put them into practice. This paper developed a three-group model of a state-dependent enforcement in a repeated game to improve the policy implementation under limited inspection capacities. A certain number of firms are grouped (group 1, group 2, group 3) for different supervision intensity (e.g., the order of inspection probability corresponding to each group is p ₁?<?p ₂?<?p ₃) based on their environmental performance. The optimal policy parameters, such as inspection probability of each group and the probability that a firm found in compliance is moved to a better reputation group, were obtained as the basis for regulator’s policy making. Numerical simulations indicated that the three-group inspection regime can significantly increase compliance rate as compared with static enforcement with the same monitoring probability. Among the number of firms in each group under steady state conditions, group 2 had the most, group 1 was the second, and group 3 had the smallest. Analysis and prediction of a three-group reputation example provided a good experiment for the model. The results give a practical reference for the policy makers with inspection capacity constraints to achieve higher compliance rate.     

乌鲁木齐市近年来大气降尘变化规律及空间分布特征

基于乌鲁木齐市多年监测的降尘数据,对乌鲁木齐市城区的降尘量进行了统计分析,得出了乌鲁木齐市近10年来降尘的总体变化规律;利用方差分析方法检验了不同季节降尘的显著性差异,发现采暖期的降尘量明显大于非采暖期;按行政区分析降尘量的分布变化,结果为不同行政区存在差别;利用秩相关系数法对其进行了趋势分析。结果表明,乌鲁木齐市的降尘呈下降趋势。利用Arc GIS9.3中的普通克里格插值方法绘制了乌鲁木齐市城市自然降尘的空间分布图。     

氨基化有机-无机杂化整体柱分离富集环境水中五价砷

将四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)和N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(AEAPTES)作为共聚前体,采用在毛细管内原位聚合的方式制备得到氨基功能化的有机-无机杂化整体柱,将其作为针式固相微萃取(SPME)介质,建立了现场分离富集环境水中As(V)的SPME方法,优化了有机-无机杂化整体柱富集As(V)的实验条件,并研究了整体柱对As(V)的吸附/洗脱性能和富集能力,实现了环境水样中As(V)的高效、快速、高选择性检测。