聚合氯化铝与三氯化铁混凝剂在常规水处理中的运用

通过聚合氯化铅与三氯化铁在常规水处理的生产性实验，从经济成本、水质指标和实际使用存在的问题对其进行分析比较，并比较了两种混凝剂在常规水处理中的优缺点。     

产业园区规划环境影响评价工作重点及对策研究——以峨眉山市其亚绿色铝业产业园规划为例

产业园区规划环境影响评价旨在从源头预防或控制产业园区的环境污染和生态破坏,实现规划实施的经济、社会与环境效益之间以及当前利益与长远利益之间的相互协调。本文以峨眉山市其亚绿色铝业产业园为例,探讨规划环境影响评价工作重点,以此寻求工作思路和对策。     

增强信心不辱使命--记全国安全生产工作会议

2002年1月15日至16日,全国安全生产工作会议在北京西郊宾馆召开。国务院副总理、国务院安全生产委员会主任吴邦国为大会做了批示:2002年安全生产任务更十分艰巨悄有松懈,安全事故又会大幅度上升。大会安排了新闻发布会,国家安全生产监督管理局局长张宝明、副局长闪淳昌等领导同志回答了记者提问。     

China''''s CDM Policies and Their Development Implications:Major Concerns for CDM Implementation

Most CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) opportunities exist in some large industrializing developing countries. For instance, China is estimated to take 48% of the world potential for CDM project activities. In reality, however, the share by China over the CDM projects registered and CDM projects in the pipeline is less than 10% as of Auguest 2005. This paper will examine the reasons behind, as reflected in China's CDM policies. Further investigation will be made into the use of these policies to boost the country's sustainable development, the sustainable development implications and effects of these policies. In addition, it is noted that incompatibility of some other Chinese laws and policies can be responsible for the low level and slow pace of CDM implementation in China and some suggestions are offered for promoting CDM project activities in China. There also exist barriers at the international level that impedes implementation of CDM project activities. A conclusion is drawn that CDM policies in a developing country like China aim mainly at promotion of sustainable development and to a lesser extent the generation of CERs.     

Rapid decolorization of Acid Orange II aqueous solution by amorphous zero-valent iron

Some problems including low treatment capacity, agglomeration and clogging phenomena, and short working life, limit the application of pre-treatment methods involving zero-valent iron (ZVI). In this article, ZVI was frozen in an amorphous state through a melt-spinning technique, and the decolorization effect of amorphous ZVI on Acid Orange II solution was investigated under varied conditions of experimental variables such as reaction temperature, ribbon dosage, and initial pH. Batch experiments suggested that the decolorization rate was enhanced with the increase of reaction temperature and ribbon dosage, but decreased with increasing initial solution pH. Kinetic analyses indicated that the decolorization process followed a first order exponential kinetic model, and the surface-normalized decolorization rate could reach 2.09 L/(m². min) at room temperature, which was about ten times larger than any previously reported under similar conditions. Recycling experiments also proved that the ribbons could be reused at least four times without obvious decay of decolorization rate and efficiency. This study suggests a tremendous application potential for amorphous ZVI in remediation of groundwater or wastewater contaminated with azo dyes.     

Three-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model for TMDL development of Lake Fuxian, China

Lake Fuxian is the largest deep freshwater lake in China. Although its average water quality meets Class I of the China National Water Quality Standard (CNWQS), i.e., GB3838-2002, monitoring data indicate that the water quality approaches the Class II threshold in some areas. Thus it is urgent to reduce the watershed load through the total maximum daily load (TMDL) program. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model was developed for Lake Fuxian, simulating flow circulation and pollutant fate and transport. The model development process consists of several steps, including grid generation, initial and boundary condition configurations, and model calibration processes. The model accurately reproduced the observed water surface elevation, spatiotemporal variations in temperature, and total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations, suggesting a reasonable numerical representation of the prototype system for further TMDL analyses. The TMDL was calculated using two interpretations of the water quality standards for Class I of the CNWQS based on the maximum instantaneous surface and annual average surface water concentrations. Analysis of the first scenario indicated that the TN, TP and COD loads should be reduced by 66%, 68% and 57%, respectively. Water quality was the highest priority; however, local economic development and cost feasibility for load reduction can pose significant issues. In the second interpretation, the model results showed that, under the existing conditions, the average water quality meets the Class I standard and therefore load reduction is unnecessary. Future studies are needed to conduct risk and cost assessments for realistic decision-making.     

邻菲罗啉对蒙脱石吸附镍离子性能影响

利用镍离子能与邻菲罗啉反应生成螯合物的性质,研究了加与未加邻菲罗啉条件下,蒙脱石对金属镍离子的吸附行为,考察了镍离子浓度、吸附时间、温度和溶液pH值等因素对吸附性能的影响.结果表明:加入邻菲罗啉后,蒙脱石对镍的螯合离子的吸附量明显增大;吸附平衡时间约为120min;蒙脱石对[Ni(phen)n]2+的吸附性基本不受pH值的影响.动力学研究表明该吸附过程符合准二级反应动力学模型,吸附量随温度升高而增大.二级动力学参数证明加入邻菲罗啉可显著提高蒙脱石对Ni2+的吸附性.蒙脱石对简单Ni2+的吸附符合Langmuir的单层吸附等温式;而蒙脱石对镍的螯合离子的吸附则符合Freundlich等温式.蒙脱石对Ni2+和[Ni(phen)n]2+的吸附均为自发、吸热和更无序的;XRD及FTIR研究表明,蒙脱石对[Ni(phen)n]2+的吸附以层间的物理吸附为主.     

AMBBR工艺处理城市污水

通过对厌氧移动床生物膜反应器处理南方热带亚热带地区城市生活污水的试验研究,采用好氧-厌氧两个阶段进行挂膜试验以缩短挂膜时间,探讨了水力停留时间(HRT)、pH值、填料填充率对反应器处理效果的影响。试验结果表明:在HRT为12 h,进水ρ(COD)为300 mg/L,ρ(氨氮)为15 mg/L,50%的填料填充率,pH=7的工艺条件下,装置对COD去除率为51.2%,对氨氮去除率为40.8%,对TN去除率为38.1%。