Study of nitrogen oxide absorption in the calcium sulfite slurry

Experiments were conducted using a bubbling reactor to investigate nitrogen oxide absorption in the calcium sulfite slurry. The effects of CaSO₃ concentration, NO₂/NO mole ratio and O₂ concentrations on NO₂ and SO₂ absorption efficiencies were investigated. Five types of additives, including MgSO₄, Na₂SO₄, FeSO₄, MgSO₄/Na₂SO₄ and FeSO₄/Na₂SO₄, had been evaluated for enhancing NO₂ absorption in CaSO₃ slurry. Results showed that CaSO₃ concentration had significant impact on NO₂ and SO₂ absorption efficiencies, and the highest absorption efficiencies of SO₂ and NO₂ could reach about 99.5 and 75.0 %, respectively. Furthermore, the NO₂ absorption was closely related to the NO₂/NO mole ratio, and the existence of NO₂ in flue gas may promote NO absorption. The presence of O₂ in simulated flue gas was disadvantage for NO _x removal because it can oxidize sulfite to sulfate. It was worth pointing out that FeSO₄/Na₂SO₄ was the best additive among those investigated additives, as the NO₂ removal efficiency was significantly increased from 74.8 to 95.0 %. IC and in situ FTIR results suggest that the main products were NO₃ ^? and NO₂ ^? in liquid phase and N₂O, N₂O₅ and HNO₃ in gas phase during the CaSO₃ absorption process.     

宜兴市土地利用类型与水生态健康相关性研究

利用宜兴市2012年-2014年土地利用数据、水生态健康等相关数据,引用土地利用动态度和土地利用综合程度指数,对土地利用变化和水生态健康现状进行分析,运用相关性分析法测算土地利用类型比例与水生态健康主要指标的相关性.结果表明:耕地、建设用地比例与水生态健康综合指标负相关,湿地、草地、园地、林地用地比例与水生态健康综合指标正相关;建设用地比例与底栖动物负相关;湿地用地比例与营养、底栖动物指标正相关较强.     

超声萃取-高效液相色谱法测定土壤中苯并[a]芘研究

采用超声萃取-高效液相色谱荧光检测法对土壤中苯并[a]芘含量进行定性、定量分析.土壤样品用正己烷/二氯甲烷(1+1)超声萃取,萃取液经硅胶柱或佛罗里硅土柱净化浓缩定容,乙腈-水为流动相,线性梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,荧光检测器激发波长为280 nm,发射波长为420 nm,外标法峰面积定量.结果显示:该方法检出限低,苯并[a]芘的检出限为0.15μg/kg.这种方法具有很好的精密度,相对标准偏差为3.9%~8.4%.实际水样加标回收率范围在72.5%~85.8%.能够满足土壤的监测要求.     

滨海石化项目环境综合风险评估方法研究

研究针对国内目前的研究现状,运用环境风险评价指数法建立滨海石化项目环境风险评估体系,采用层次分析法和熵权法结合的组合赋权法,结合专家咨询法进行指标的修改与完善,运用线性加权组合法对评估体系中指标权重的赋值,并计算滨海石化项目的环境风险等级,确定项目的风险强弱.实例分析表明环境风险管理在环境风险的产生和预防占有十分重要的地位,通过加强和完善环境风险的管理体系,结合环境因素的敏感程度及风险源的产生和影响,能降低环境风险及事故的影响程度.     

Improving biodegradation potential of domestic wastewater by manipulating the size distribution of organic matter

Carbon source is a critical constraint on nutrient removal in domestic wastewater treatment. However, the functions of particulate organic matter (POM) and some organics with high molecular weight (HMW) are overlooked in the conventional process, as they cannot be directly assimilated into cells during microbial metabolism. This further aggravates the problem of carbon source shortage and thus affects the effluent quality. Therefore, to better characterize organic matter (OM) based MW distribution, microfiltration/ultrafiltration/nanofiltration (MF/UF/NF) membranes were used in parallel to fractionate OM, which obtained seven fractions. Hydrolysis acidification (HA) was adopted to manipulate the MW distribution of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and further explore the correlation between molecular size and biodegradability. Results showed that HA pretreatment of wastewater not only promoted transformation from POM to DOM, but also boosted biodegradability. After 8 hr of HA, the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased by 65%, from the initial value of 20.25 to 33.48 mg/L, and the biodegradability index (BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand)/SCOD (soluble chemical oxygen demand)) increased from 0.52 to 0.74. Using MW distribution analysis and composition optimization, a new understanding on the characteristics of organics in wastewater was obtained, which is of importance to solving low C/N wastewater treatment in engineering practice.     

膨润土对鸡粪序批式厌氧消化特性的影响

为考察外源添加物——膨润土对鸡粪厌氧消化特性的影响,在中温〔(35±1)℃〕条件下,采用L₈(23)正交试验设计,考察了膨润土添加量(w,以干基计,下同)、鸡粪VS(挥发性固体)添加量、厌氧消化污泥接种量对鸡粪厌氧消化过程中产气、pH、氨氮形态、EC(电导率)等的影响. 结果表明:添加1.5%和3.0%的膨润土均能显著提高鸡粪VS产CH₄量,并且在高鸡粪添加量情况下达到极显著水平(P<0.01);当膨润土添加量为3.0%、厌氧消化污泥接种量为20%时,VS累积产CH₄量达到301.92 mL/g,比对照组(160.76 mL/g)提高了87.80%;当鸡粪VS添加量相同时,添加1.5%和3.0%的膨润土均能极显著地降低消化料液的ρ(TAN)(TAN为总氨氮)(P<0.01),并且可以减少鸡粪厌氧消化过程中ρ(FAN)(FAN为游离氨)的剧烈变化;添加膨润土还能极显著地降低鸡粪厌氧消化料液的EC. 研究显示,添加膨润土有利于缓解鸡粪厌氧消化过程中氨氮抑制,提高系统稳定性,并可显著改善厌氧消化整体性能.      

黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）对Pb2+的吸附特性研究

以黑曲霉菌丝体作为吸附剂,通过静态吸附实验研究了各种因素对其吸附去除废水中Pb2+的影响。结果表明：当Pb2+初始浓度为50 mg/L,吸附剂用量为1．0 g/L,吸附时间为45 min,pH为5．0时,吸附效果最佳。此时吸附量为44．1 mg/g,去除率为90．86%。使用准二阶动力学方程可较好的拟合黑曲霉对Pb2+的吸附,表明该吸附过程以化学吸附为主。等温吸附过程可用Freundlich方程描述,说明该吸附为多分子层吸附。傅立叶红外光谱分析表明,黑曲霉吸附剂表面的酯羰基(-COO-)、羧基(-COOH )和羟基(-OH )在吸附Pb2+的过程中发挥主要作用。     

国内流域生态系统土壤动物群落结构研究

土壤动物与其生存环境息息相关.土壤质地优良,食物种类丰富多样,则土壤动物个体数、类群数、多样性显著增多.目前,国内学者多侧重研究农田、森林、草原等生态系统土壤动物群落结构,而流域生态系统土壤动物研究较少涉及.对此,从土壤动物的水平分布、垂直分布和群落多样性三个方面来综述流域生态系统相关因素对土壤动物的影响具有代表性.在此基础上借鉴其他生态系统土壤动物相关研究并且结合流域生态系统自身特点拓展土壤动物研究方向,为研究区土地利用方向提供依据.研究流域中不同环境因素对土壤动物区系的影响,了解国内外土壤动物的研究和流域生态系统对土壤动物影响的进展.对于生态环境的恢复与重建具有重大意义.