反硝化除磷的影响特性试验

采用SBR反应器（厌氧/缺氧/好氧工艺）,分别研究了乙酸盐及硝酸盐浓度变化对反硝化除磷的影响特性.试验结果表明,当进水COD浓度＞230 mg/L时,乙酸盐浓度的变化对释磷、除磷速率等影响并不显著.在硝酸盐浓度＜30 mg/L时,硝酸盐浓度越高,缺氧段除磷速率也就越高.在C/P＞23,C/N＞5条件下,SBR系统对磷、氮去除率在90%以上.     

光助Fenton氧化、化学絮凝法联合处理R盐废水的研究

采用光助Fenton氧化、化学絮凝法联合处理生物难降解的R盐废水,考察了不同反应条件对处理效果的影响.试验结果表明,光助Fenton氧化、化学絮凝法联合处理废水,两者之间存在协同作用,可以提高处理效果,降低处理成本.在最佳试验条件下,R盐废水经光助Fenton氧化、化学絮凝法联合处理后,COD去除率可达90%以上.     

等离子体发生区工作时发射特定光谱的研究

介绍了2种不同等离子体发生区和不同测量距离对等离子体发生区沿面蓝光中紫外光的波长和相对光强的影响,所测的臭氧发生量大的等离子体发生区的紫外光的相对光强高,测量距离与相对光强呈指数关系,并且等离子体发生区沿面蓝光具有光催化作用.     

等浓度配比法研究苯酚、硝基苯和问硝基苯胺对发光菌的联合毒性作用

分别测定了苯酚、硝基苯和间硝基苯胺对发光菌的单一毒性，以及等浓度配比和等毒性配比的二元及三元混合体系的联合毒性，采用相加指数法对其联合效应进行了评价。结果表明，等浓度比和等毒性比混合体系的联合作用结果一致：苯酚＋间硝基苯胺二元体系为协同作用，其他各体系为相加作用。为简化联合毒性实验方法，建议在研究相关系列化合物的联合毒性作用机制中，可采用等浓度配比方法。     

Biodegradation of coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls by anaerobic microorganisms from estuarine sediments.

In this study, we investigated the biodegradability of biphenyl and 5 congeners (one non-planar and four coplanar) of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB). Biphenyl, the non-planar congener 2,3',4',5-tetrachlorobiphenyl (25-34 CB), and the four coplanar congeners 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (34-34 CB), 3,4,4',5-tetrachlorobiphenyl (345-4 CB), 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (345-34 CB), and 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (345-345 CB) were amended at a concentration of 10 mg/L into anoxic sediment slurries collected from the estuaries of the Tansui River and the Erjen River. During 2 years' incubation under sulfidogenic conditions, biphenyl was persistent, while all other chlorinated congeners, except for 345-345 CB, were dechlorinated with or without a lag period in sediment slurries collected from both rivers. Dechlorination of coplanar and non-planar congeners began with para chlorine removal. All para chlorines from the mono-, di-, and trichlorobiphenyl groups could be removed by sediment slurries from both rivers. Microbial communities in sediment from the Erjen River additionally fostered meta-dechlorination activity, but only after removal of all the para chlorines. Addition of Tween 20 (0.05%, v/v) into sediment slurries from the Tansui River did not enhance dechlorination rates or extents, but the addition of toluene- or 3-chlorobenzoate-adapted sediments enhanced dechlorination of 34-34 CB and 345-4 CB.     

含锂活化沸石-载银活性炭-Cu-Zn合金串联装置水处理效果研究

通过对含锂活化沸石、载银活性碳、Cu-Zn合金及超滤膜的联合使用,有效去除细菌及铜、铬、铅、银等重金属离子,降低了饮用水硬度、余氯量,并能抑制亚硝酸根离子的生成;运用该套装置,在去除污染物的同时,又向水中引入对人体有益的微量锂离子、锌离子,使之成为优质的饮用水。     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌对亚铁离子的氧化及其动力学研究

采用9K培养基研究了氧化亚铁硫杆菌氧化Fe^2＋过程中,pH和氧化还原电位的变化规律,并对Fe^2＋的氧化过程进行动力学分析,确定了其反应级数及反应速率常数。结果表明,（1）在温度为30℃,摇床转速为150r／min的条件下,氧化亚铁硫杆菌的最佳接种量为10．0％;（2）Fe^2＋初始质量浓度在11．39～21．72g／L时,随着浓度的增大,Fe^2＋达到100％转化率需要的时间增加;（3）氧化亚铁硫杆菌对Fe^2＋的氧化可近似看作一级反应,反应速率常数为0．0527～0．0788h。     

Daytime resolved analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban aerosol samples - impact of sources and meteorological conditions

Urban aerosol was collected in a summer and a winter campaign for 7 and 3 days, respectively. Low volume samples were taken with a time resolution of 160 min using a filter/sorption cartridge system extended by an ozone scrubber. Concentrations of mainly particle associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and oxidised PAH (O-PAH) were determined by gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry. The sampling site was located in the city centre of Augsburg, Germany, near major roads with high traffic volume. The daily concentrations and profiles were mainly governed by local emissions from traffic and domestic heating, as well as by the meteorological conditions. During the winter campaign, concentrations were more than 10 fold higher than during the summer campaign. Highest concentrations were found concurrent with low boundary layer heights and low wind speeds. Significant diurnal variation of the PAH profiles was observed. Enhanced influences of traffic related PAH on the PAH profiles were evident during daytime in summer, whereas emissions from hot water generation and domestic heating were obvious during the night time of both seasons. A general idea about the global meteorological situation was acquired using back trajectory calculations (NOAA ARL HYSPLIT4). Due to high local emissions in combination with low air exchange during the two sampling campaigns, effects of mesoscale transport were not clearly observable.     

《水库大坝安全管理条例》修订必要性及建议

1991年3月我国制定了《水库大坝安全管理条例》(以下简称条例),至今已经20年。在过去的20年经济社会发生了重大变化,法律环境已经改变,条例难以满足当前水库管理的实际需求,迫切需要修订。1条例产生的历史背景和作用我国的大坝安全管理可以分为三个发展阶段,1949～1978年,1978～2000年和2000年至今。     

生态清淤施工过程对巢湖水质影响的模拟

本研究以巢湖生态清淤为例,在水动力模型的基础上,采用平面二维恒定流和悬浮物扩散数学模型来描述生态清淤施工悬浮物的运动形态和排泥场尾水的影响。结果表明:生态清淤施工悬浮物扩散会给清淤区域内及周边约660 m范围的水体水质造成一定的影响。排泥场尾水排放口下游悬浮物最高浓度约4.8 mg/L,TN浓度最大增量约为0.164 mg/L,TP浓度最大增量约为0.004 mg/L。总体来说,尾水排放的SS、TN、TP对湖区的影响范围不大,其影响程度有限。