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401.
Guo Hui Zhang Shengyin Zhang Shuncun Lu Xinchuan Li Shuanglin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(29):23069-23079
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Accurate and effective determination of the source of heavy metals is essential for the treatment of marine ecological environments. This article... 相似文献
402.
Jiang Xue Na Jin Lu Wenxi Zhang Yu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(31):24284-24296
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Simulation-optimization techniques are effective in identifying an optimal remediation strategy. Simulation models with uncertainty, primarily in the... 相似文献
403.
Zhiqiang Zhai Hongyu Lu Weinan He Lei Yu 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2017,67(9):949-957
Vehicle-specific power (VSP) has been found to be highly correlated with vehicle emissions. It is used in many studies on emission modeling such as the MOVES (Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator) model. The existing studies develop specific VSP distributions (or OpMode distribution in MOVES) for different road types and various average speeds to represent the vehicle operating modes on road. However, it is still not clear if the facility- and speed-specific VSP distributions are consistent temporally and spatially. For instance, is it necessary to update periodically the database of the VSP distributions in the emission model? Are the VSP distributions developed in the city central business district (CBD) area applicable to its suburb area? In this context, this study examined the temporal and spatial consistency of the facility- and speed-specific VSP distributions in Beijing. The VSP distributions in different years and in different areas are developed, based on real-world vehicle activity data. The root mean square error (RMSE) is employed to quantify the difference between the VSP distributions. The maximum differences of the VSP distributions between different years and between different areas are approximately 20% of that between different road types. The analysis of the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission factor indicates that the temporal and spatial differences of the VSP distributions have no significant impact on vehicle emission estimation, with relative error of less than 3%.Implications: The temporal and spatial differences have no significant impact on the development of the facility- and speed-specific VSP distributions for the vehicle emission estimation. The database of the specific VSP distributions in the VSP-based emission models can maintain in terms of time. Thus, it is unnecessary to update the database regularly, and it is reliable to use the history vehicle activity data to forecast the emissions in the future. In one city, the areas with less data can still develop accurate VSP distributions based on better data from other areas. 相似文献
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405.
DO浓度对间歇曝气单级自养脱氮系统N2O排放的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以单级自养脱氮系统为研究对象,采用有效容积为15 L的SBBR反应器,系统进水NH+4-N浓度约为360 mg/L,控制温度为(30±2)℃,采用间歇曝气方式运行,曝气段DO浓度从2.4~2.6 mg/L逐渐下降到0.9~1.1 mg/L,研究了单级自养脱氮系统的脱氮性能与N2O排放情况。结果表明,反应器曝气段DO浓度从2.4~2.6 mg/L下降到0.9~1.1mg/L,系统TN去除率均达到80%,但在相同运行时间内的TN去除率依次降低,NH+4-N平均反应速率从0.19 mg/(L·min)降低至0.05 mg/(L·min),NO-3-N累计产生量稳定于14.9~16.5 mg/L,NO-2-N浓度在反应器内未产生明显的积累。随着曝气段DO浓度的下降,最大N2O释放速率逐渐降低,N2O累计释放量从73.8 mg下降到61.0 mg,N2O转化率介于2.4%~2.9%。 相似文献
406.
蒸散的估算在区域能量平衡和水资源研究中具有重要意义,遥感技术发展促进了区域蒸散的研究。利用安徽省气象资料、MODIS数据产品及GIS背景信息,基于SEBAL模型,按1 km空间分辨率进行了面尺度的安徽省日蒸散量估算,并在GIS空间分析模块的支持下对不同土地覆盖类型的日蒸散量进行统计分析。结果表明:遥感估算的蒸散量与利用Penman Monteith公式计算的蒸散量比较,两者之间具有较好的相关性,遥感蒸散估算值整体偏小,不同土地利用类型的日蒸散量间差异显著。遥感蒸散估算方法在安徽省具有一定的实用性,需优化模型参数,以提高其进一步技术推广的前景 相似文献
407.
408.
南京大气细粒子中重金属污染特征及来源解析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用2011年1月、4月、7月和10月在南京市区和北郊采集的气溶胶样品,研究了南京大气细粒子中zn、Ph、Hg、As和cd5种重金属的污染水平,通过元素相关性分析和因子分析方法,对细粒子中这些重金属的污染来源进行了初步解析。结果表明,南京大气细粒子及其重金属污染严重,北郊普遍比市区严重;As严重超标,cd在南京北郊超标约5倍,zn在市区与北郊的质量浓度均高于其他重金属元素。每种重金属的浓度均随季节而变化。市区细粒子中,As和zn可能主要与燃煤、轮胎灰尘和建筑扬尘等有关,Pb、Hg和cd主要来自交通尘、城市垃圾焚烧等。北郊细粒子中,As、Hg和zn主要来源于燃煤、钢铁冶炼等工业,Pb和cd主要与农作物秸秆燃烧、汽车尾气、道路扬尘等影响有关。 相似文献
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410.
Two industrial sites were investigated based on years of available hydrogeologic information and monitoring data for soil and groundwater. Collected data were forensically evaluated using age-dating and fingerprinting methods. The previous business uses of the project sites were as a gas station, laundry/dry-cleaning service, and car wash with petroleum underground storage tanks (USTs). As a result, these sites were exposed to a number of toxic contaminants at relatively high concentrations. Source control was necessary for successful remediation and the ultimate removal of the remaining compounds from these industrial sites. Although contaminated soil around the source was excavated during the remedial action and the high concentrations of contaminants were reduced, typical groundwater contaminants such as petroleum hydrocarbons as gasoline (TPH-G), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (BTEX), and oxygenates including methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) were persistently found at the studied sites around the source points. The plume and concentration of contaminants had changed their shapes and strength for all monitoring periods. Thus, additional source control seems to be a requirement for the complete removal of source contamination, which must be ascertained with groundwater and soil monitoring on a regular time base. For the study sites, monitored natural attenuation was relatively feasible for the long-term plan; however, it did not offer a perfect remediation solution for an ultimate goal because of residual toxic compounds that might have affected the surrounding residential areas at higher concentrations than their health limits. Therefore, as a remediation strategy, the combination of clean-up technology and natural attenuation with monitoring activities are more highly recommended than either clean-up or natural attenuation used separately. 相似文献