投加EM菌处理垃圾渗滤液的试验研究

向污泥中投加EM菌处理高浓度垃圾渗滤液,以常规的微生物处理为对照.以COD为考察目标,探讨了在好氧条件下处理时,各种条件因素(温度、时间、pH、污泥负荷等)对处理效果的影响以及投加EM茵对处理出水COD分子量分布的影响.结果表明,在一定的好氧条件下处理渗滤液时,试验组和对照组的处理效果差异显著.试验组在最佳的好氧条件下可使COD的去除率达到72.5%,高于对照组26.3%.在好氧条件下处理渗滤液.试验组出水中小分子COD的比例高于对照组.     

基于BP神经网络的苯储罐泄漏事故风险评价模型研究

为了在事故发生之前对苯储罐进行风险评价，提出1种基于BP神经网络的泄漏事故风险评价方法，利用该方法构建了苯储罐的风险评价模型，并对模型进行了训练及验证。研究结果表明:BP神经网络成功完成了建模任务，且模型训练结果较好，可利用基于BP神经网络所构建的苯泄漏事故风险评价模型对苯储罐发生泄漏事故的风险进行评价。     

北美自由贸易区和欧盟的环境政策：趋向,启示与对策

以北美自由贸易区和欧盟为代表的区域性经济集团已在经济利益与环境保护挂钩的制度性安排方面取得诸多进展，它们不同程度地在机构设置、协定条款、资金安排等方面强化了环境要求，并在国际环境公约的执行上表现出积极、灵活的特点。这一切都将为未来多边经济体系中环境问题的协商和解决开辟了新的途径， 也为我国在实施可持续发展过程中的环境制度化建设提供可鉴之处。     

Mobility and sulfidization of heavy metals in sediments of a shallow eutrophic lake, Lake Taihu, China

The technique of DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films) using three diffusive gel thicknesses was applied to estimate the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments and porewater of Lake Taihu, China. The DGT results showed significantly positive correlations between Co, Pb, Cd and Mn, and Ni and Fe concentrations in porewater. Cu and Zn showed a significantly negative correlation with Mn, due to Cu combination with carbonates and Zn derived from agricultural pollution, respectively. The rank order of average concentrations of Co, Ni and Cd at each station was DGT_1.92 > DGT_0.78 > DGT_0.39, suggesting stronger resupply from sediments to porewater when using thicker diffusive gels. Comparing centrifugation and DGT measurements, Co, Ni and Cd are highly labile; Mn and Fe are moderately labile; and Cu, Zn and Pb are slightly labile. The variations of AVS concentrations in sediment cores indicate that metal sulfides in deeper layers are easily diffused into surface sediments.     

呼吸道防护基础理论及产品生产技术

本文重点论述了有关呼吸道防护的相关基础理论和用于呼吸道防护非织造布的生产技术.首先介绍了呼吸道防护中最基础的过滤理论,其中包括纤维束结构中的速度场和过滤效率以及单纤维过滤机理;其次介绍了非织造过滤材料的分类和非织造布的生产技术;最后介绍了呼吸道防护滤材的性能评估标准.     

上海市一次重雾霾过程的天气特征及成因分析

2013年11月30日至12月9日上海地区出现入冬以来一次最严重的持续性雾霾天气过程,严重影响了该地区人们的生活健康.本文借助空气质量数据、地面气象要素、卫星遥感数据并结合后向轨迹模式反映了此次重污染过程的污染特征及其成因.结果表明,污染期间,PM2.5与PM10小时浓度变化趋势基本一致,高浓度值出现在早晚8时左右,主要是由该时段的逆温现象造成的;来自西北方向污染物的远距离输送影响了本地空气质量状况,气团在不同高度层做下沉运动,造成大气层结稳定;该地区在西北方向的弱高压控制下,地面风速较小,能见度低,天气条件静稳,不利于污染物扩散,造成持续性重污染事件;卫星遥感数据显示此次污染为区域性污染.     

七星河湿地氨氧化古菌多样性和丰度及其与环境因子的相关性分析

以典型东北寒温带沼泽湿地——七星河湿地中芦苇和小叶樟植被下不同深度土壤中氨氧化古菌(Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea,AOA)为研究对象,以编码氨氧化作用关键酶——氨单加氧酶(AMO)的amo A基因为分子标记,通过构建克隆文库和生物信息学方法分析数据,考察了不同植被环境中AOA多样性和丰度的垂直分布规律,及其与环境因子的相关性.研究结果表明,小叶樟植被土壤中AOA amo A基因多样性显著高于芦苇植被土壤中amo A基因多样性,芦苇植被土壤中AOA amo A基因多样性在深度为40~60 cm土层中最高,AOA多样性与NH+4-N、NO-3-N含量呈正相关;小叶樟植被土壤中AOA amo A基因多样性在深度为20~40 cm土层中最高,AOA多样性与NH+4-N、NO-3-N含量呈正相关.芦苇植被土壤中AOA丰度最低值出现于0~20 cm土层中,到20~40 cm土层中出现最高值,随着深度增加AOA丰度下降,AOA丰度则与NO-2-N含量呈正相关.小叶樟植被土壤中AOA丰度变化趋势与芦苇不同,最高值出现于0~20 cm土层中,随着土层深度增加AOA丰度下降,到40~60 cm出现最低值,AOA丰度与NO-2-N、TOC含量呈正相关.两种植被土壤中AOA丰度均在60~90 cm处有升高趋势.芦苇植被土壤中AOA丰度约是小叶樟植被土壤中AOA丰度的1.49倍.以上结果为湿地AOA生态功能及分布模式的研究提供基础数据,对全球氮循环的研究提供补充.     

NGO collaboration in community post‐disaster reconstruction: field research following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China

The number of communities affected by disasters has been rising. As a result, non‐governmental organisations (NGOs) that attend community post‐disaster reconstruction are often unable to deliver all requirements and have to develop cooperative approaches. However, this collaboration can cause problems because of the complex environments, the fight for limited resources and uncoordinated management, all of which result in poor service delivery to the communities, adding to their woes. From extensive field research and case studies conducted in the post‐Wenchuan earthquake‐stricken communities, this paper introduces an integrated collaboration framework for community post‐disaster reconstruction with the focus on three types of NGOs: international, government organised and civil. The proposed collaboration framework examines the three interrelated components of organisational structure, operational processes and reconstruction goals/implementation areas. Of great significance in better promoting collaborative participation between NGOs are the crucial concepts of participatory reconstruction, double‐layer collaborative networks, and circular review and revision.