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81.
Luke Collins Brigitte Nerlich 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2015,9(2):189-207
The public perception of climate change is characterized by heterogeneity, even polarization. Deliberative discussion is regarded by some as key to overcoming polarization and engaging various publics with the complex issue of climate change. In this context, online engagement with news stories is seen as a space for a new “deliberative democratic potential” to emerge. This article examines aspects of deliberation in user comment threads in response to articles on climate change taken from the Guardian. “Deliberation” is understood through the concepts “reciprocity”, “topicality”, and “argumentation”. We demonstrate how corpus analysis can be used to examine the ways in which online debates around climate change may create or deny opportunities for multiple voices and deliberation. Results show that whilst some aspects of online discourse discourage alternative viewpoints and demonstrate “incivility”, user comments also show potential for engaging in dialog, and for high levels of interaction. 相似文献
82.
83.
In studies of commercial fishing, little attention has been paid to the use of bait. We examined lobster fishery bait-to-catch ratios in St. Margaret's Bay and Mahone Bay, Nova Scotia. Data were obtained from the Fishermen and Scientists Research Society's Lobster Recruitment Project. Local ecological knowledge of the resource users from within the study area was also gathered using semi-structured interviews. The estimated amount of bait required to catch each lobster, weighing about 480 g, ranged from 185 g (November) to 1455 g (April) for average months during the 2002/3, 2003/4 and 2004/5 fishing seasons. We estimated the overall ratio of bait-to-catch to be about 1.9 units of bait per unit of catch. The eco-efficiency and food-supply implications of consuming more bait than product in a fishery are outlined. 相似文献
84.
Luke Beesley Eduardo Moreno-Jiménez Nicholas Lepp 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(1):155-160
Three methods for predicting element mobility in soils have been applied to an iron-rich soil, contaminated with arsenic, cadmium and zinc. Soils were collected from 0 to 30 cm, 30 to 70 cm and 70 to 100 cm depths in the field and soil pore water was collected at different depths from an adjacent 100 cm deep trench. Sequential extraction and a column leaching test in the laboratory were compared to element concentrations in pore water sampled directly from the field. Arsenic showed low extractability, low leachability and occurred at low concentrations in pore water samples. Cadmium and zinc were more labile and present in higher concentrations in pore water, increasing with soil depth. Pore water sampling gave the best indication of short term element mobility when field conditions were taken into account, but further extraction and leaching procedures produced a fuller picture of element dynamics, revealing highly labile Cd deep in the soil profile. 相似文献
85.
86.
Gas-liquid interface measurements were conducted in a strongly turbulent free-surface flow (i.e., stepped cascade). Local void fractions, bubble count rates, bubble size distributions and gas-liquid interface areas were measured simultaneously in the air-water flow region using resistivity probes. The results highlight the air-water mass transfer potential of a stepped cascade with measured specific interface area over 650 m–1 and depth-average specific area up to 310 m–1. A comparison between single-tip and double-tip resistivity probes suggests that simple robust single-tip probes may provide accurate, although conservative, gas-liquid interfacial properties. The latter device may be used in the field and in prototype plants.
Notation
a = specific interface area (m–1); a
mean = depth-average specific interface area (m–1): a
mean=frac1Y
90limits
sup>
Y
90
sup
0(1–C)dy; C = local void fraction; C
gas = dissolved gas concentration (kg m–3); C
mean = depth-average mean air concentration defined as: C
mean=1–d/Y
90; C
s = saturation concentration (kg m–3); D = dimensionless air bubble diffusivity (defined by [1]); d = equivalent clear-water flow depth (m): d=limits
sup>
Y
90
sup
0(1–C) dy; dab = air bubble diameter (m); dc = critical flow depth (m); for a rectangular channel: d
c=sqrt[3]q
w
2/g; F = air bubble count rate (Hz); F
max = maximum bubble count rate (Hz), often observed for C=50%; g = gravity acceleration (m s–2); h = step height (m); K
L = liquid film coefficient (m s–1); K = integration constant defined as: K=tanh
–1
sqrt0.1)+(2D)–1 [1]; L = chute length (m); N = velocity distribution exponent; ———– *Corresponding author, E-mail: h.chanson@mailbox.uq.edu.au
Q
w = water discharge (m3 s–1); q
w = water discharge per unit width m2 s–1); t = time (s); V = local velocity (m s–1); V
c = critical flow velocity (m s–1); for a rectangular channel: V
c=sqrt[3]q
w
g
V
max = maximum air-water velocity (m s–1); V
90 = characteristic air-water velocity (m s–1) where C = 90%; W = channel width (m); x = longitudinal distance (m) measured along the flow direction (i.e., parallel to the pseudo-bottom formed by the step edges); y = distance (m) normal to the pseudo-bottom formed by the step edges; Y90 = characteristic distance (m) where C=0.90; Y
98 = characteristic distance (m) where C=0.98; = slope of pseudo-bottom by the step edges; = diameter (m). 相似文献
87.
This paper assesses the distribution of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) nitrogen deposition in native bushland soil adjacent to an open ventilated poultry farm. The farm is located in Thirlmere 150 km south west of Sydney, Australia. A total of 104 geographically referenced soil cores were obtained from the study area. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), NH4(+) - and NO3(-)-nitrogen concentrations were analysed for variable trends at three depths, i.e. 0-30, 30-60, and 60-90 cm. Significantly higher concentrations of the two nitrogen forms and EC were observed nearer to the farm in the surface soil samples (0-30 cm). The distribution of NH4+, NO3- and EC were all correlated in surface samples throughout the study area. There was no indication of NH4+ and NO3- leaching within soil profile sampled and it appears that weeds and native vegetation had utilised the accumulated nitrogen. The level of N deposition adjacent to the poultry farm decreased downwind due to dispersion of plume and to the buffering effects from the bushland. 相似文献
88.
Although petroleum contamination has been identified at many Antarctic research stations, and is recognized as posing a significant threat to the Antarctic environment, full-scale in situ remediation has not yet been used in Antarctica. This is partly because it has been assumed that temperatures are too low for effective biodegradation. To test this, the effects of temperature on the hydrocarbon mineralisation rate in Antarctic terrestrial sediments were quantified. 14C-labelled octadecane was added to nutrient amended microcosms that were incubated over a range of temperatures between -2 and 42 degrees C. We found a positive correlation between temperature and mineralisation rate, with the fastest rates occurring in samples incubated at the highest temperatures. At temperatures below or near the freezing point of water there was a virtual absence of mineralisation. High temperatures (37 and 42 degrees C) and the temperatures just above the freezing point of water (4 degrees C) showed an initial mineralisation lag period, then a sharp increase in the mineralisation rate before a protracted plateau phase. Mineralisation at temperatures between 10 and 28 degrees C had no initial lag phase. The high rate of mineralisation at 37 and 42 degrees C was surprising, as most continental Antarctic microorganisms described thus far have an optimal temperature for growth of between 20 and 30 degrees C and a maximal growth temperature <37 degrees C. The main implications for bioremediation in Antarctica from this study are that a high-temperature treatment would yield the most rapid biodegradation of the contaminant. However, in situ biodegradation using nutrients and other amendments is still possible at soil temperatures that occur naturally in summer at the Antarctic site we studies (Casey Station 66 degrees 17(') S, 110 degrees 32(') E), although treatment times could be excessively long. 相似文献
89.
Visser MC Ownby D Aguilar-Villalobos M Needham LL Naeher LP 《Environment international》2007,33(2):147-150
OBJECTIVE: This November 2003 pilot study investigates the correlation between serum IgE and residential endotoxin levels from a group of 18 pregnant women living in Trujillo, Peru, and investigates the impact of the demographic and lifestyle factors of this group on the IgE and endotoxin levels measured. METHODS: Serum samples were collected from 19 subjects and analyzed for IgE. Dust samples were collected from the mattresses of 18 subjects and measured for endotoxin levels. A questionnaire was used to obtain demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle information for each subject. RESULTS: Geometric means for IgE and endotoxin were 246.8 (GSD=4.3, n=19) IU/mL and 66.5 EU/mg (GSD=1.7, n=18), respectively. Log-transformed IgE and endotoxin were not correlated (R2=0.02; p=0.60). CONCLUSIONS: Residential endotoxin and serum IgE were not correlated in this group. Potential selection bias and sample size are major limitations of the study. However, 74% (14/19) of the subjects in this study had an IgE over 100 IU/mL, a level generally considered elevated. 相似文献
90.
As coastal populations expand, demands for recreational opportunities on beaches and coastal dunes grow correspondingly. Although
dunes are known to be sensitive to direct human disturbance and provide irreplaceable ecosystem services (e.g. erosion control,
critical habitat and nesting sites), dunes serve as campsites for large numbers of people (∼90,000 p.a.) on the ocean-exposed
shores of Fraser Island, Australia. Campsites are located in the established dunes and can only be accessed with 4WD vehicles
along tracks cut directly from the beach through the foredunes. Here we quantified the extent of physical damage to foredunes
caused by this practice, and tested whether human-induced physical changes to foredunes translate into biological effects.
Of the 124 km of ocean-exposed beaches, 122 km (98%) are open to vehicles driven on the beaches, and camping zones cover 28.7
km or 23% of the dunes. A total of 235 vehicle tracks are cut across the foredunes at an average density of eight tracks per
km of beach. These tracks have effectively destroyed one-fifth (20.2%) of the dune front in camping zones, deeply incising
the dune-beach interface. There is evidence of accelerated erosion and shoreline retreat centred around vehicle tracks, resulting
in a “scalloping” of the shoreline. No dune vegetation remains in the tracks and the abundance of ghost crabs (Ocypode spp.) is significantly reduced compared with the abutting dunes. Because current levels of environmental change caused by
dune camping may not be compatible with the sustainable use of coastal resources and conservation obligations for the island
(listed as a World Heritage Area and gazetted as a National Park), restoration and mitigation interventions are critical.
These will require spatial prioritisation of effort, and we present a multi-criteria ranking method, based on quantitative
measures of environmental damage and ecological attributes, to objectively target rehabilitation and conservation measures.
Ultimately, coastal management needs to develop and implement strategies that reconcile demands for human recreation, including
beach camping, with conservation of coastal dune ecosystems. 相似文献