序言

<正>近几年,人类对抗生素的大量使用甚至是滥用造成抗生素的环境污染问题日益突显,抗生素及抗生素抗性基因作为全球新兴污染物在环境各介质中传播和扩散,即使抗生素在停止使用后,由其引发的抗性基因不会在短期内消除,并在不同细菌之间传播扩散,一旦传播至致病菌,将对人体健康构成很大威胁。由此,由抗生素滥用引起的抗生素污染以及抗性基因的潜在健康风险成为交叉研究领域包括地球化学、环境科学、分析     

Recycling of the hyperaccumulator Brassica juncea L.: synthesis of carbon nanotube-Cu/ZnO nanocomposites

The methods of synthesizing carbon nanotube (CNTs)-Cu/ZnO nanocomposites using a Cu hyperaccumulator (Brassica juncea L.) constitute a new insight into the recycling of hyperaccumulators and provide a new route for the further development of green nanostructure syntheses. In this paper, CNTs-Cu/ZnO nanocomposites have been synthesized using B. juncea plants as the sources of C, Cu, and Zn. The synthesized CNTs-Cu/ZnO nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectra (EDS). The synthesized CNTs were characterized further by selected area diffraction (SAD) patterns and Raman spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that the structure of individual CNTs was middle-hollow, with an outer diameter of about 80 nm. The synthesized CNTs were not at all crystalline and there were a few defects in the walls. The outer diameter of CNTs-Cu/ZnO nanocomposites was 110 nm. The diameters of Cu/ZnO nanoparticles were 29.5/32.7 nm, respectively. Cu/ZnO nanoparticles that had grown onto the CNT surface were nonuniform and agglomerated. The Cu/ZnO nanoparticles were pure.     

Preparation of GO/MIL-101(Fe,Cu) composite and its adsorption mechanisms for phosphate in aqueous solution

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, MIL-101(Fe), MIL-101(Fe,Cu), and graphene oxide (GO)/MIL-101(Fe,Cu) were synthesized to compose a novel sorbent. The adsorption...     

Acceleration of the particulate organic matter hydrolysis by start-up stage recovery and its original microbial mechanism

• Carbon availability was partially solved by POM recovery and fermentation. • 12% carbon sources were regenerated by fermentation of the entrapped 35% TCOD. • The unique microbial communities facilitated the efficient hydrolysis of the POM. • Considerable economic benefits in aeration power and ECS dosage were anticipated. To address the availability of carbon sources for denitrification, the accelerated hydrolysis of the most abundant but low-availability fraction of particulate organic matter (POM) was investigated. Mesh sieves with different pore sizes were used as primary pretreatment at the start-up-stage of the biological process to separate some POM from the liquid system. The changes in soluble carbohydrates and proteins were monitored to investigate the hydrolysis performance of the sieved POM, with waste activated sludge (WAS) as the control test. The results showed that an average of 35% POM could be entrapped before filtrate mat development. In addition, benefiting from the high polysaccharides concentration, as well as the high availability due to the relatively loose physical structure, a 23% hydrolysis efficiency of POM was obtained, in contrast to that of WAS (3.4%), with a hydrolysis constant of 0.39 h⁻¹. The prominent performance was also attributed to the unique microbial communities having been domesticated at a lower temperature, especially the cellulose-degrading bacteria Paraclostridium and psychrophile Psychrobacter, making up 6.94% and 2.56%, respectively. Furthermore, the potential benefits and application of improved POM hydrolysis by start-up stage recovery via mesh sieves combined with anaerobic fermentation were evaluated, including selective POM entrapment, alleviation of blockage and wear, and a reduction in aeration energy. By the proposed strategy, carbon availability for biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes is anticipated to be improved more economically than that can be achieved by primary clarifier elimination.     

Comparison research on waste classification between China and the EU,Japan, and the USA

Waste and waste management have become significant global issues and common challenges that we face. Efficient and effective waste management is an essential part of civilized society. A good waste classification system is the foundation and precondition for efficient waste management. In this paper, in accordance with waste classification principles of systematicness, hierarchy, practical maneuverability and expansibility, waste classification systems in China, the EU, Japan and the USA are reviewed for collection, transportation and treatment sectors. Comparison analysis results show that waste classification methods are diversified and process-oriented classification, substance-oriented and hazardous properties classification principles are widely adopted for waste generation and transportation. For waste treatment process, all the countries and regions adopt similar classification methods based on follow-up treatment process. In general, the EU and Japan all have established their own integrated waste classification system. However, the EU’s macro–micro integration waste classification systems are more suitable for China to learn which process-oriented waste classification is used for declaration and registration at the micro-level and substance-oriented waste classification system for environmental statistics at the macro-level.     

Non-biodegradable landfill leachate treatment by combined process of agitation,coagulation, SBR and filtration

This study describes the complete treatment of non-biodegradable landfill leachate by combined treatment processes. The processes consist of agitation as a novel stripping method used to overcome the ammonia toxicity regarding aerobic microorganisms. The NH₃-N removal ratio was 93.9% obtained at pH 11.5 and a gradient velocity (G) 150 s^?1 within a five-hour agitation time. By poly ferric sulphate (PFS) coagulation followed the agitation process; chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD₅) were removed at 70.6% and 49.4%, respectively at an optimum dose of 1200 mg L^?1 at pH 5.0. The biodegradable ratio BOD₅/COD was improved from 0.18 to 0.31 during pretreatment step by agitation and PFS coagulation. Thereafter, the effluent was diluted with sewage at a different ratio before it was subjected to sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treatment. Up to 93.3% BOD₅, 95.5% COD and 98.1% NH₃-N removal were achieved by SBR operated under anoxic–aerobic–anoxic conditions. The filtration process was carried out using sand and carbon as a dual filter media as polishing process. The final effluent concentration of COD, BOD₅, suspended solid (SS), NH₃-N and total organic carbon (TOC) were 72.4 mg L^?1, 22.8 mg L^?1, 24.2 mg L^?1, 18.4 mg L^?1 and 50.8 mg L^?1 respectively, which met the discharge standard. The results indicated that a combined process of agitation-coagulation-SBR and filtration effectively eliminated pollutant loading from landfill leachate.     

泸州市纳溪区农村环境污染现状及治理对策研究

随着农村经济发展和现代化进程的加快,农村环境状况日益恶化,农村环境形势十分严峻。农村生态环境受到破坏,不仅给农民身体健康带来危害,还制约了农村经济社会的可持续发展。因此,在泸州市纳溪区新农村建设中,解决农村环境问题已经成为当务之急。文章介绍了纳溪区农村环境污染现状,指出存在的主要问题及成因,最后根据该地区的具体特点提出农村环境污染的对策建议。     

水葫芦在污染水体修复中的应用

利用水葫芦分别修复受重金属和有机物污染的水体,结果显示,污水中铅和铜共存时,水葫芦对铅的吸附性较高,平均去除率达到75.53%,而对铜的去除率只有23.44%;在对受有机物污染水体的试验中发现,水葫芦对化学需氧量去除率达到了86.6%。试验结果表明,水葫芦对受重金属和有机物污染的水体都有较好的修复能力。     

羽叶金合欢对污泥厌氧消化与氮磷释放的影响

探讨了羽叶金合欢(Acacia pennata)的枝和叶对污泥厌氧消化以及氮磷释放的影响。研究结果表明,添加合欢枝叶都会减少污泥的产气量,产气量由大到小顺序是污泥>枝+泥>叶+泥;添加合欢枝会减少污泥厌氧消化系统中挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)的含量,尤其是乙酸含量;而添加合欢叶会增加VFAs的含量,并产生乙酸和丙酸抑制;DGGE图谱及测序结果显示,加入合欢叶会增加乳杆菌属的细菌量,当系统稳定时,各组中的产甲烷菌类型相近;添加合欢枝叶均会减少NH+4-N的含量,且促进合欢枝叶中磷的释放。     

Health risks associated with heavy metals in the drinking water of Swat, northern Pakistan

The concentrations of heavy metals such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were investigated in drinking water sources （surface and groundwater） collected from Swat valley, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The potential health risks of heavy metals to the local population and their possible source apportionment were also studied. Heavy metal concentrations were analysed using atomic absorption spectrometer and compared with permissible limits set by Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency and World Health Organization. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb were higher than their respective permissible limits, while Cu, Mn and Zn concentrations were observed within their respective limits. Health risk indicators such as chronic daily intake （CDI） and health risk index （HRI） were calculated for adults and children separately. CDIs and HRIs of heavy metals were found in the order of Cr 〉 Mn 〉 Ni 〉 Zn 〉 Cd 〉 Cu 〉 Pb and Cd 〉 Ni 〉 Mn 〉 Cr 〉 Cu 〉 Pb 〉 Zn, respectively. HRIs of selected heavy metals in the drinking water were less than 1, indicating no health risk to the local people. Multivariate and univariate statistical analyses showed that geologic and anthropogenic activities were the possible sources of water contamination with heavy metals in the study area.