30t电炉收尘工艺改造

通过应用"清洁生产审核"方法,对小型废钢电炉除尘系统改造方案进行全面深入的分析和方案筛选,充分利用已有的系统和设备,并通过以屋顶代罩的合理改进、提高集气效率;以最小的投入、达到有效控制污染的目的。     

分级燃烧中固体吸附剂对痕量金属排放的影响

在一维煤粉燃烧炉上进行了烟煤添加不同吸附剂的分级燃烧试验.试验过程中保持总的空气过剩系数a为1.20,分级风量占总风量的20%,炉内温度为1100℃左右.试验发现分级燃烧会增加亚微米颗粒排放,不利于对痕量重金属元素的控制,尤其对挥发性大的元素(如Cu和Ni)影响越明显.热力学计算也表明不同气氛下痕量元素的形态变化过程有很大差异,还原气氛下痕量元素会生成不稳定的次氧化物和还原性产物.固体吸附剂对煤中重金属的排放具有吸附作用,并且不同的吸附剂对不同的痕量元素的吸附效果各不相同,不分级时,对Co,Cr,Ni元素来说,高岭土的吸附效果最好;对Be元素,灰质白云石效果最好;CaO则对Cu元素的吸附效果最好.而在分级情况下,对元素Be,Cr,Ni,灰质白云石的效果最好;对Co和Cu,高岭土的吸附最好.     

混凝沉淀工艺处理餐厨废水的研究

通过单因素试验考察了聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚合硫酸铁(PFS)、聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)对餐厨废水生化处理出水中COD、TP的去除效果,并确定了絮凝沉淀最佳工艺条件:最优絮凝剂为PFS,最佳投加量为450 mg/L,絮凝反应时间为30 min,PAM投加量为0.6 mg/L,PAM投加时间为距离PFS投加后至少l min.在最佳工艺条件下,COD、TP平均去除率可分别达36％、83％,此时絮体体积比为13％.     

优势菌处理印染废水中水解池的脱色机理

对采用投优势菌群的水解（酸化）-好氧工艺,已稳定运行3年以上的印染废水处理工程的水解池进行菌种的分离、鉴定;对分离得到的10株纯菌进行单株及10株混合菌群的脱色能力、脱色条件试验。结果表明,在数量及脱色能力上,运行前投入的主要用于脱色的分属于假单胞菌属、气单胞菌属、红螺菌属的菌株仍占优势;混合菌群的脱色能力优于单株菌,对温度、pH值的适应能力更强,脱色时间更短;菌群的最佳脱色温度是30℃,pH值为9。     

Reactor characterization and primary application of a state of art dual-reactor chamber in the investigation of atmospheric photochemical processes

Increasing attention has been paid to the air pollution more recently. Smog chamber has been proved as a necessary and effective tool to study atmospheric processes, including photochemical smog and haze formation. A novel smog chamber was designed to study the atmospheric photochemical reaction mechanism of typical volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as well as the aging of aerosols. The smog chamber system includes an enclosure equipped with black lights as the light source, two parallel reactors (2 m³ of each) with separate control of light source and temperature, with a series of coupled instruments for online monitoring of gas phase and particle phase reactants and products. Chamber characterization, including air source stability, effective light intensity, temperature stability, as well as gas phase and particle phase wall losses, were carried out before further research. The results showed that our smog chamber systems developed by other domestic and international groups. It was also observed that the wall loss of aromatic VOCs varied with different functional groups as well as the isomerism. The results of preliminary simulation experiment from styrene-NO_x demonstrated that the chamber can be well utilized to simulate gas-particle conversion progresses in the atmosphere.     

石煤暴露环境发氟分布规律及影响因子

为了探明石煤暴露环境中发氟含量的分布规律及影响因子,结合病情调查,采集发样进行元素含量测定.结果表明,石煤暴露环境发氟含量个体差异显著,呈非正态分布,平均值为67.08±64.68μg/g,变异系数为96.42%;发氟含量同Ca、Mn、Se的含量呈显著正相关,同Ti含量呈显著负相关;因子分析显示发氟含量分布除受体内生化反应控制外,与表生地球化学环境、膳食结构以及饮用水的水质等因子也密切相关.     

Genotypic variations in the accumulation of Cd exhibited by different vegetables

It is an important approach to use the Cd-contaminated soils properly by growing low accumulator or excluder plants for Cd to produce safe foods. To find the suitable vegetable species for growing in Cd-contaminated soils, in the present study the variations in the Cd accumulation for twenty eight vegetable species and several cultivars of five common vegetables (cowpea, kidney pea, bitter gourd, cucumber and squash) were investigated in two soil Cd levels (1 and 2 mg/kg Cd). Experimental results showed that highly significant differences in Cd concentration were evident among 28 vegetables. For example, spinach Cd concentrations were 110-fold and 175-fold higher than that of sweet pea under the 1 and 2 mg/kg Cd exposures, respectively. For Cd accumulation, the order of vegetable species was: leafy vegetables solanaceous vegetables kale vegetables root vegetables allimus melon vegetables legumes. Distinctive differences were also identified when comparing different cultivars of the five common vegetables with an average range of 0.003–0.094 mg/kg Cd. Our results indicated that a large genotypic variation existed among vegetable species or cultivars when subjected to Cd exposure. Therefore, it is important and feasible to elect/breed vegetable species/cultivars with low accumulation of Cd, especially in mildly Cd-contaminated soils.     

Preparation and characterization of PVDF-glass fiber composite membrane reinforced by interfacial UV-grafting copolymerization

A novel inorganic–organic composite membrane,namely poly(vinylidene fluoride) PVDF-glass fiber(PGF) composite membrane,was prepared and reinforced by interfacial ultraviolet(UV)-grafting copolymerization to improve the interfacial bonding strength between the membrane layer and the glass fiber.The interfacial polymerization between inorganic–organic interfaces is a chemical cross-linking reaction that depends on the functionalized glass fiber with silane coupling(KH570) as the initiator and the polymer solution with acrylamide monomer(AM) as the grafting block.The Fourier transform infrared spectrometer-attenuated total reflectance(FTIR-ATR) spectra and the energy dispersive X-ray(EDX) pictures of the interface between the glass fiber and polymer matrix confirmed that the AM was grafted to the surface of the glass fiber fabric and that the grafting polymer was successfully embedded in the membrane matrix.The formation mechanisms,permeation,and anti-fouling performance of the PGF composite membrane were measured with different amounts of AM in the doping solutions.The results showed that the grafting composite membrane improved the interfacial bonding strength and permeability,and the peeling strength was improved by 32.6% for PGF composite membranes with an AM concentration at 2 wt.%.     

三氯苯酚对A^2／O工艺污泥产率的影响

应用2,4,5-三氯苯酚（TCP）作为化学解偶联剂投加到A2／O工艺中进行试验,在A^2／O连续流工艺中研究TCP不同投加方式对试验的影响,结果表明：在保持TCP总投加量相同的情况下,采用大剂量一次性投加的污泥减量效果比小剂量分次投加的效果好。即每两天投加240mg TCP,污泥产量比对照下降了67．10％,而每天投加120mg TCP,污泥产量比对照仅下降了35．90％。A^2／O工艺中COD的去除能力有所下降,当一次性投加240mgTCP时,COD的去除率比对照下降了26．80％,但出水氨氮和总氮的浓度未受多大影响,磷的去除率有些下降,SVI有所上升,但是没有严重影响污泥的沉降性能。     

化肥和有机肥配施生物炭对紫色土壤养分及磷赋存形态的影响

研究紫色土壤养分含量与不同形态磷含量对生物炭配施化肥和有机肥的响应,探明不同施肥处理对紫色土壤养分和磷形态的影响,以期为生物炭在紫色土区的合理农用提供科学依据.采用盆栽试验方法,设置对照(CK)、传统施肥(F)、化肥+20 t·hm-2稻壳生物炭(FP)、化肥+10 t·hm-2稻壳生物炭+10 t·hm-2玉米生物炭(FPM)、有机肥+20 t·hm-2稻壳生物炭(PP)和新鲜有机肥+20 t-hm-2稻壳生物炭(NPP)这6个处理,通过测定土壤养分含量的变化和不同形态磷之间的转化,阐明化肥和有机肥配施生物炭对紫色土壤养分及磷赋存形态的影响.结果表明:①生物炭施用可提高土壤pH值,其中PP和NPP处理的效果最好,其根际土壤pH较F处理分别提高了 1.78和1.87个单位.②配施生物炭(FP、FPM、PP和NPP)处理较F处理能显著提高土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和有效磷含量,表现出明显的根际效应,而显著降低速效钾的含量.③与F处理相比,PP和NPP处理能够显著增加植株根部生物量、植株全磷和全钾含量,而显著降低植株全氮含量.④土壤中最主要的磷赋存形态是中度活性磷,其占比为46.64％～57.46％.施用生物炭能够促进土壤难溶态磷向有效磷转化,提高活性磷和中度活性磷的比例,且表现出明显的根际效应.⑤施用生物炭有利于土壤有机磷的矿化,促进NaHCO3-P.向NaHCO3-Pi转化,其中PP处理的矿化作用最明显.配施生物炭可以改善土壤磷营养状况,促进土壤难溶态磷向有效态磷转化,其中PP处理的效果最优.因此,生物炭配施腐熟猪粪是紫色土区最有效的养分管理方式.