载体对负载钯催化剂的CO氧化活性的影响

采用ＣＯ－ＴＰＳＲ和ＣＯ氧化活性测试等方法考察了不同载体对Ｐｄ催化剂的ＣＯ表面氧化性能的影响，结果表明，载体对Ｐｄ催化剂的ＣＯ氧化性能、ＣＯ吸附能力影响很大，ＣＯ的吸附能力顺序为Ｐｄ／ＣｅＯ２（吸附量、０．５９ｍｌ／１００ｍｇ）〉Ｐｄ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３（吸附量：０．０５２ｍＬ／１００ｍｇ）〉Ｐｄ／ＴｉＯ２（吸附量：０．００１ｍＬ／１００ｍｇ），催化剂的ＣＯ氧化活性与ＣＯ吸附能力有很好的对应关系，尤其是Ｐ     

Sediment distribution pattern mapped from the combination of objective analysis and geostatistics in the large shallow Taihu Lake, China

Investigation was made into sediment depth at 723 irregularly scattered measurement points which cover all the regions in Talhu Lake, China. The combination of successive correction scheme and geostatistical method was used to get all the values of recent sediment thickness at the 69 x 69 grids in the whole lake. The results showed that there is the significant difference in sediment depth between the eastern area and the western region, and most of the sediments are located in the western shore-line and northern regimes but just a little in the center and eastem parts. The notable exception is the patch between the center and Xishan Island where the maximum sediment depth is more than 4.0 m. This sediment distribution pattem is more than likely related to the current circulation pattern induced by the prevailing wind-forcing in Taihu Lake. The numerical simulation of hydrodynamics can strong support the conclusion.Sediment effects on water quality was also studied and the results showed that the concentrations of TP, TN and SS in the western part are obviously larger than those in the eastem regime, which suggested that more nutrients can be released from thicker sediment areas.     

石煤暴露环境发氟分布规律及影响因子

为了探明石煤暴露环境中发氟含量的分布规律及影响因子,结合病情调查,采集发样进行元素含量测定.结果表明,石煤暴露环境发氟含量个体差异显著,呈非正态分布,平均值为67.08±64.68μg/g,变异系数为96.42%;发氟含量同Ca、Mn、Se的含量呈显著正相关,同Ti含量呈显著负相关;因子分析显示发氟含量分布除受体内生化反应控制外,与表生地球化学环境、膳食结构以及饮用水的水质等因子也密切相关.     

Genotypic variations in the accumulation of Cd exhibited by different vegetables

It is an important approach to use the Cd-contaminated soils properly by growing low accumulator or excluder plants for Cd to produce safe foods. To find the suitable vegetable species for growing in Cd-contaminated soils, in the present study the variations in the Cd accumulation for twenty eight vegetable species and several cultivars of five common vegetables (cowpea, kidney pea, bitter gourd, cucumber and squash) were investigated in two soil Cd levels (1 and 2 mg/kg Cd). Experimental results showed that highly significant differences in Cd concentration were evident among 28 vegetables. For example, spinach Cd concentrations were 110-fold and 175-fold higher than that of sweet pea under the 1 and 2 mg/kg Cd exposures, respectively. For Cd accumulation, the order of vegetable species was: leafy vegetables solanaceous vegetables kale vegetables root vegetables allimus melon vegetables legumes. Distinctive differences were also identified when comparing different cultivars of the five common vegetables with an average range of 0.003–0.094 mg/kg Cd. Our results indicated that a large genotypic variation existed among vegetable species or cultivars when subjected to Cd exposure. Therefore, it is important and feasible to elect/breed vegetable species/cultivars with low accumulation of Cd, especially in mildly Cd-contaminated soils.     

优势菌处理印染废水中水解池的脱色机理

对采用投优势菌群的水解（酸化）-好氧工艺,已稳定运行3年以上的印染废水处理工程的水解池进行菌种的分离、鉴定;对分离得到的10株纯菌进行单株及10株混合菌群的脱色能力、脱色条件试验。结果表明,在数量及脱色能力上,运行前投入的主要用于脱色的分属于假单胞菌属、气单胞菌属、红螺菌属的菌株仍占优势;混合菌群的脱色能力优于单株菌,对温度、pH值的适应能力更强,脱色时间更短;菌群的最佳脱色温度是30℃,pH值为9。     

Reactor characterization and primary application of a state of art dual-reactor chamber in the investigation of atmospheric photochemical processes

Increasing attention has been paid to the air pollution more recently. Smog chamber has been proved as a necessary and effective tool to study atmospheric processes, including photochemical smog and haze formation. A novel smog chamber was designed to study the atmospheric photochemical reaction mechanism of typical volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as well as the aging of aerosols. The smog chamber system includes an enclosure equipped with black lights as the light source, two parallel reactors (2 m³ of each) with separate control of light source and temperature, with a series of coupled instruments for online monitoring of gas phase and particle phase reactants and products. Chamber characterization, including air source stability, effective light intensity, temperature stability, as well as gas phase and particle phase wall losses, were carried out before further research. The results showed that our smog chamber systems developed by other domestic and international groups. It was also observed that the wall loss of aromatic VOCs varied with different functional groups as well as the isomerism. The results of preliminary simulation experiment from styrene-NO_x demonstrated that the chamber can be well utilized to simulate gas-particle conversion progresses in the atmosphere.     

Preparation and characterization of PVDF-glass fiber composite membrane reinforced by interfacial UV-grafting copolymerization

A novel inorganic–organic composite membrane,namely poly(vinylidene fluoride) PVDF-glass fiber(PGF) composite membrane,was prepared and reinforced by interfacial ultraviolet(UV)-grafting copolymerization to improve the interfacial bonding strength between the membrane layer and the glass fiber.The interfacial polymerization between inorganic–organic interfaces is a chemical cross-linking reaction that depends on the functionalized glass fiber with silane coupling(KH570) as the initiator and the polymer solution with acrylamide monomer(AM) as the grafting block.The Fourier transform infrared spectrometer-attenuated total reflectance(FTIR-ATR) spectra and the energy dispersive X-ray(EDX) pictures of the interface between the glass fiber and polymer matrix confirmed that the AM was grafted to the surface of the glass fiber fabric and that the grafting polymer was successfully embedded in the membrane matrix.The formation mechanisms,permeation,and anti-fouling performance of the PGF composite membrane were measured with different amounts of AM in the doping solutions.The results showed that the grafting composite membrane improved the interfacial bonding strength and permeability,and the peeling strength was improved by 32.6% for PGF composite membranes with an AM concentration at 2 wt.%.     

福建东山湾养殖贝类重金属污染状况及健康风险评价

为了解东山湾海水养殖贝类重金属污染状况及健康风险水平,2016年11月采集了华贵栉孔扇贝(Chlamys nobills)、菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)、鲍(Haliotis sp.)、巴非蛤(Paphia sp.)、牡蛎(Saccostrea sp.)和翡翠贻贝(Perna viridis)等6种常见贝类,对其污染指数、膳食暴露量和健康风险等进行评价。结果表明,东山湾贝类体内Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、As和Hg含量(均值)分别为9.69、0.19、43.5、0.65、0.21、0.010和1.69μg·g~(-1),与第一类海洋生物质量标准限值相比,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr和As的超标率分别为16.7%、83.3%、33.3%、33.3%、16.7%和100%;但除华贵栉孔扇贝Cd含量超标外,Pb、Cr、Hg和As含量均能满足食品中污染物限量标准要求。尽管东山湾贝类总致癌风险R_c=1.65×10~(-4),存在一定的健康风险,但5种贝类体内重金属含量略低于我国东部-南部沿海贝类的平均水平,且2010—2017年期间东山湾牡蛎体内重金属污染状况没有明显变化(养殖生物质量指数<5%),加上重金属膳食暴露风险较低,总非致癌风险R_n=0.94(<1),总体而言贝类质量状况尚可。     

寨上金矿矿区河流沉积物中砷的形态分析

在野外调查和样品采集的基础上,对寨上金矿矿区河流沉积物中砷的质量分数进行了测定,并采用Tessier连续提取法对砷在沉积物中的存在形态进行了提取分析。结果表明,砷在该区水系沉积物中质量分数较高（55.0~189.0μg.g-1）,说明金矿的开采已经对该区的环境造成了影响。运用Tessier连续提取法研究发现,沉积物样品中砷的提取率为89.87%~110.54%,样品沉积物中砷的形态分布基本一致,以残渣态为主,占其总量的85%以上,其他各形态相对含量较少,但相对活泼形态（水溶态、离子交换态和碳酸盐结合态）绝对质量分数较高（2.029~4.942μg.g-1）,说明该区水系沉积物中大部分砷在自然条件下相对比较稳定,小部分砷（1.10%~5.55%）易释放至环境中,但由于其绝对质量分数较高,将对环境产生较大危害。     

Organochlorine pesticides in soils around Guanting Reservoir,China

Fifty-six representative samples of topsoil were collected around Guanting Reservoir, which is an important water source for Beijing. Concentrations of the insecticides HCH, DDT, and their metabolites were quantified by use of gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detection (ECD). Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are still present in surface soils in the Guanting area. DDT accounts for about 93% of the total OCP content. Concentrations of α/γ, β/γ, and DDT/DDE are the result not only of historical use, but also of more recent depositions. Statistical analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA), revealed associations between concentrations of OCPs and major soil characteristics. Geographical information system (GIS) technology was used to develop maps of the distributions of OCP concentrations. The areas of greatest contamination were primarily in the central part of the study area and were correlated with greater population density, heavier traffic, and more industrial activity.