南秦岭东江口岩体群Pb、Sr和Nd同位素地球化学特征及其对物源的制约

以区域地球化学研究成果为基础，通过Pb、Sr、Nd同位素特征分析，揭示出东江口岩体群的Pb同位素特征与南秦岭东段基底具有耦合关系，而与其它构造单元则存在明显的差异，204Pb-207Pb／206Pb，204Pb-208Pb／206Pb图解研究表明，该岩体群为下地壳源花岗岩类，Nd同位素特征（tDN和εNd（t））表明，耀岭河群最适合于作为岩体群的主要物源。该岩体群和耀岭河群的Sr同位素存在一定的差别，这可能是由于南秦岭在280－200Ma间强烈的地质作用使Rb－Sr同位素体系改造所致。     

铁(Ⅲ)-羧酸配合物对水溶性染料的光化学脱色动力学的比较研究

铁-柠檬酸，铁-酒石酸，铁-丁二酸，铁-草酸配合物在高压汞灯（λmax＝313nm，250W）的照射下，能使活性艳红X－3B染料水溶液脱色。染料初始浓度在10mg／L～50mg／L时，染料脱色为动力学一级反应，脱色速率随初始浓度增大而降低。在pH2．0～3．0时铁-柠檬酸，铁-滴石酸，铁-丁二酸的染料溶液脱色效果较佳，在pH4．0时铁-草酸的染料溶液脱色效果最好。铁／羧酸盐配比对染料脱色速率也有影响。     

藻类及其分泌物对混凝过程的影响研究

采用纯萍进行烧杯混凝试验，考察了试验藻种及其分泌物对混凝过程的影响，试验发现：藻类对混凝过程的影响与藻的种类，生长阶段及藻浓度有关；一般说来，藻类在浓度较低时，对混凝过程吸不同程度的促进作用，而在高浓度时，对混凝过程有不同程度的干扰。增加混凝剂投加量，调节ｐＨ，耐加氯可以减弱藻类及其分泌物对混凝过程的影响。     

邻单胞菌L1对氯代苯的降解特性的研究

从某化工厂废水处理厂活性污泥中分离得到一株能以氯苯为唯一碳源的细菌,革兰氏阴性杆菌,兼性厌氧,初步鉴定为邻单胞菌属（Plesiomonas）。该菌在有氧情况下18天内对氯苯的降解率为50％,在厌氧条件下18天内对氯苯的降解率为37.2％。不同底物试验结果表明,该菌还能利用间氯酚、TCP、2,4-D等二氯、三氯化合物,此外不经诱导抗汞能力达15mg/L。细胞抽提物开环酶分析,L1菌株在好氧条件下拥有一条被氯苯诱导的邻位裂解途径     

水体重金属污染治理技术研究进展

随着工业的发展和人口的不断增加,重金属废水排放量增加。有毒重金属对环境的严重威胁正逐渐成为全球性问题,不仅对环境造成危害,还威胁着人类的健康。介绍了水体重金属污染现状及危害,综述了目前国内外治理水体重金属污染主要技术的研究进展,指出了微生物治理重金属污染水体的良好应用前景。     

旅游发展总体规划环境影响评价指标体系研究

评价指标体系在规划环评中起着评价框架的作用,可以借助于指标体系全面地研究旅游发展总体规划环评.由于规划方案与各种环境影响之间的因果关系、数量关系不明确,旅游发展总体规划环评在收集定量数据、进行定量预测时可能会遇到极大的困难,所以不适合采用＂以本底为导向＂SEA体系.受到定位学派战略形成理论的较大影响,旅游发展总体规划制定者通常的思考程序是先确立规划目标后再确定规划方案.如果从构建可持续发展目标入手,能够更容易让战略制定者从环境、社会方面去考虑战略方案.根据旅游发展总体规划主观性较强的特点,文章认为适宜采用＂以目标为导向＂SEA体系进行规划环评。     

生活垃圾焚烧发电厂的环境风险评价

垃圾焚烧技术兼具环境效益和经济效益,环境风险评价的结论是该类项目选址的关键问题之一。在分析中国城市生活垃圾排放现状和生活垃圾焚烧项目环境风险的基础上,分析了二恶英风险事故的环境影响及环境防护距离的计算方法与传统卫生防护距离的差异,并以秦皇岛生活垃圾焚烧发电厂为实例进行了计算。结果表明:在不同工况下人体经呼吸每日最大摄入二恶英的量均远小于允许摄入量参考标准值,环境防护距离确定方法更为科学和人性化,有利于消除公众对此类建设项目的误解。     

Synthesis of a novel ternary HA/Fe-Mn oxides-loaded biochar composite and its application in cadmium(Ⅱ) and arsenic(Ⅴ) adsorption

Cadmium(Cd) and arsenic(As) are two of the most toxic elements. However, the chemical behaviors of these two elements are different, making it challenging to utilize a single adsorbent with high adsorption capacity for both Cd(Ⅱ) and As(Ⅴ) removal. To solve this problem, we synthesized HA/Fe-Mn oxides-loaded biochar(HFMB), a novel ternary material,to perform this task, wherein scanning electron microscopy(SEM) combined with EDS(SEMEDS) was used to characterize its morphological and physicochemical properties. The maximum adsorption capacity of HFMB was 67.11 mg/g for Cd(Ⅱ) and 35.59 mg/g for As(Ⅴ),which is much higher compared to pristine biochar(11.06 mg/g, 0 mg/g for Cd(Ⅱ) and As(Ⅴ),respectively). The adsorption characteristics were investigated by adsorption kinetics and the effects of the ionic strength and pH of solutions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) revealed that chelation and deposition were the adsorption mechanisms that bound Cd(Ⅱ) to HFMB, while ligand exchange was the adsorption mechanism that bound As(Ⅴ).     

Chromosome doubling of Sedum alfredii Hance: A novel approach for improving phytoremediation efficiency

Sedum alfredii Hance is a cadmium(Cd)/zinc(Zn) hyperaccumulator native to China.However, its relatively low biomass restricted the large-scale application for heavy metal contamination remediation. The chromosome set doubling of S. alfredii in vitro was achieved by 0.1%–0.2%(W/V) colchicine treatment. The plant DNA ploidy was analyzed by flow cytometry and chromosome set doubling plants(CSD) were identified based on the obvious different sharp peak. A tissue culture experiment with different Cd treated levels and a field trial with natural polluted mined soil were conducted to study the effects of chromosome doubling on plant biomass and Cd accumulation in shoots. The results suggested that S.alfredii is a mixoploid. Compared with the wild type plants(WT), CSD exhibited typical"gigas" characteristics in morphology including stem thickness, root hair production,number of leaves and size of stoma guard cell. Fresh weight and dry weight of CSD were increased to 1.62–2.03-fold and 2.26–3.25-fold of WT. And Cd content of CSD showed a17.49%–42.82% increase and 59% increase under tissue culture and field condition,accordingly. In addition, the TF and in BCF of CSD were 2.37-and 1.59-fold of WT,respectively. These results proved that it is feasible to promote phytoextraction efficiency of S. alfredii in Cd contaminated soils through chromosomal engineering, which provides a novel approach for hyperaccumulator application in phytoremediation.     

Effects of water management on arsenic and cadmiumspeciation and accumulation in an upland rice cultivar

Pot and field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of water regimes on the speciation and accumulation of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in Brazilian upland rice growing in soils polluted with both As and Cd. In the pot experiment constant and intermittent flooding treatments gave 3-16 times higher As concentrations in soil solution than did aerobic conditions but Cd showed the opposite trend. Compared to arsenate, there were more marked changes in the arsenite concentrations in the soil solution as water management shifted, and therefore arsenite concentrations dominated the As speciation and bioavailability in the soil. In the field experiment As concentrations in the rice grains increased from0.14 to 0.21 mg/kg while Cd concentrations decreased from 0.21 to 0.02 mg/kg with increasing irrigation ranging from aerobic to constantly flooding conditions. Among the various water regimes the conventional irrigation treatment produced the highest rice grain yield of 6.29 tons/ha. The As speciation analysis reveals that the accumulation of dimethylarsinic acid (from 11.3% to 61.7%) made a greater contribution to the increase in total As in brown rice in the intermittent and constant flooding treatments compared to the intermittent-aerobic treatment. Thus, water management exerted opposite effects on Cd and As speciation and bioavailability in the soil and consequently on their accumulation in the upland rice. Special care is required when irrigation regime methods are employed to mitigate the accumulation of metal(loid)s in the grain of rice grown in soils polluted with both As and Cd.