湖南环境应急指挥系统结构与功能浅析探讨

近年来,湖南省环境信息化建设快速发展,但在通信网络的抗毁性以及突发事件的应对能力等方面考虑还不够完善。环境应急指挥系统能够协助环境厅应对各类突发的紧急事件,实现事前监测;在应急事件发生的时候快速、准确、科学地决策、协调、调度和指挥,向公众提供环境方面的紧急救助信息和服务;事后进行事件评估,重建等工作。本文研究的是湖南省环境应急指挥系统功能的实现,完成了一套环境应急指挥系统的开发工作。根据目前我省环境保护应急指挥实际情况,设计了环境应急指挥系统的总体平台;对环境应急指挥调度系统和综合应用系统进行了设计和分析,重点是对应用软件系统和硬件支撑平台进行了研究设计。     

油品脱酸工艺研究进展

综述了国内外油品脱酸技术发展历程和研究现状,分析了各种技术工艺的优点和不足,随着环保、节能减排思想的深入,新的绿色脱酸分离技术将是以后发展的主要趋势。     

火电厂烟气脱硝技术探析

介绍了烟气脱硝技术中的选择性催化还原技术SCR、选择性非催化还原技术SNCR以及混合型SNCR-SCR三种工艺。在比较三种工艺的基础上得出前两者工艺的优势和不足以及当前火电厂使用SNCR-SCR混合型烟气脱硝技术较多的原因所在。     

抗锶放线菌的分子鉴定及对Sr~(2+)的吸附效果和初步吸附机理分析

从大亚湾核电站附近水体中分离筛选出一株抗锶放线菌(编号YF-64),研究了该菌株在不同环境参数条件下对锶的吸附效果和初步机理,通过形态和16S rDNA序列相结合的方法对菌株进行了分类鉴定,采用红外光谱(FT-IR)分析技术对菌株吸附前后进行表征,探讨其吸附机制。结果表明,抗锶菌株隶属于天蓝黄链霉菌(基因序列登录号:JF901702),菌株对Sr~(2+)具有较强的吸附效果,根据数据显示,当接触时间为50 min,pH值为6,Sr~(2+)初始浓度为50 mg/L,摇床转速为120 r/min时,该菌株的吸附效果达到最佳为44.29 mg/g;FT-IR结果显示,JF901702菌株对Sr~(2+)的吸附主要是由细胞壁上的羟基,次甲基,羰基起主要吸附作用。由此可知,JF901702菌株可作为经济、高效、环境友好的生物吸附材料进行废水重金属处理。     

大气环境污染源治理产业化研究

文章介绍了大气环境污染源治理产业化的实施方法,这种方法介绍了大气环境污染源治理产业化管理,探讨了大气环境污染源治理项的投资,主要包括资金筹措方案,项目计划进度包括项目的总体目标、计划安排与阶段目标、企业的参与程度、产学研联合机制和其他必要的支撑和配套条件落实情况,只有在大气环境污染源治理产业化的过程中,各方面积极努力,各负其责,就一定能够做好大气环境污染源治理产业化的工作,保卫我们国家的大气环境.     

韶关市大气颗粒物多环芳烃的污染特征研究

采集韶关市PM10和PM2.5样品,采用气相色谱-质谱法测定了16种PAHs的质量浓度,分析了16种PAHs在PM2.5中的时空分布特征,研究16种PAHs在PM10和PM2.5中分布的差异.结果显示:PAHs在PM2.5中的季节性分布具有冬、夏季高,春、秋季低的特点,且苯并[a]蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[c]芘、苯并[a]芘、荧蒽等在一年四季含量均较高;在空间上的分布显示交通区>工业区>商业区>居民区>休闲区.PAHs在PM2.5中的分布明显高于在PM10中的分布,在人为活动较为频繁的季节和区域,PAHs的含量明显增加.     

“16·7”江汉至黄淮华北极端强降雨过程决策气象服务分析

通过分析2016年7月18~21日江汉至黄淮华北等地极端强降雨过程特点和预报服务情况,从决策气象服务的角度,深度剖析国家级气象预报和服务之间的关系,提炼气象服务的亮点。为了更好分析2016年7月18~21日强降雨过程预报服务特点,将其与2012年7月21日华北地区极端强降雨过程预报和气象服务情况对比,突显此次降雨过程的极端性,总结气象服务的不足,提出改进思路和措施,积累极端降雨过程气象服务经验,为今后极端事件的气象服务提供参考。     

Design of single vertical tube falling-film evaporation basing on experiment

An experimental study for fluid hydrodynamic characteristics in thin water films falling down the outside of a vertical tube was performed with the analysis of several factors about the uniformity and stability of the film. Liquid evaporation is of major interest for many fields in process engineering. One of these is chemical process engineering, where evaporation of liquids and generation of super heated steam is mandatory for numerous processes. Generally, this is performed by the use of classical pool boiling and evaporation process equipment, providing relatively limited performance. The performance of the film distributor will affect the production capacity and service life of the evaporator. In this publication a novel falling-film distributor which is used annular gap and inlet tube rotated tangentially 270° to guarantee the film uniformity is presented. Experimental data suggested that there is optimum annular gap distance is between 1.5 and 2.0 mm and the spray density should be controlled between 250 and 700 kg m⁻¹ h⁻¹. Several suggestions for evaporator design are proposed.     

加强高校网络管理工作的思考

在深入分析网络管理现状的基础上,从高校管理、服务的实际情况出发,通过广泛的调研、分析,全面阐述了在高校加强网络建设、网络管理和构建网络安全的必要性和重要性。     

Phosphorus runoff from sewage sludge applied to different slopes of lateritic soil

Sewage sludge (SS) applied to sloping fields at rates that exceed annual forest nutrient requirements can be a source of phosphorus (P) in runoff. This study investigates the effects of different slopes (18, 27, 36, and 45%) on P in runoff from plots amended with SS (120 Mg ha). Lateritic soil (pH 5.2) was exposed to five simulated rainfalls (90 mm h) on outdoor plots. When sludge was broadcast and mixed with surface soils, the concentrations and loss in runoff of total P in the mixed sample (MTP), total P in the settled sample (STP), total particulate P (TPP), total suspended P (TSP), and total dissolved P (TDP) were highest at 1 or 18 d after application. Initially, pollution risks to surface waters generally increased to different degrees with steeper slopes, and then diminished gradually with dwindling differences between the slopes. The runoff losses coefficient of MTP increased in the order 36 > 45 > 27 > 18%. The initial event (1 and 18 d) accounted for 67.0 to 83.6% of total runoff P losses. Particulate fraction were dominant carriers for P losses, while with the lower slopes there was higher content of P per unit particulate fraction in runoff. Phosphorus losses were greatly affected by the interaction of sludge-soil-runoff and the modification of soil properties induced by sludge amendment. It is recommended to choose lower slopes (<27%) to reduce risk of P losses. Thus, the risk of application sludge to sloping fields in acid soils should be studied further in the field under a wider diversity of conditions.