光辐照TiO2层柱粘土处理有机废水的研究

主要介绍了TiO2层柱粘土的制备方法,及用光辐照TiO2层柱粘土处理有机废水的机理、影响因素和提高TiO2层柱粘土光催化剂活性的途径;介绍了TiO2层柱粘土光催化剂的失活和再生.认为用光辐照TiO2层柱粘土处理有机废水是一种无污染而有效的方法,能有效解决目前废水处理过程中存在的许多问题.     

Use of a multi-layer column device for study on leachability of nitrate in sludge-amended soils

This paper described a multi-layer column device constructed with six cylindrical polythene tubes with installation of Rhizon soil moisture samplers (Rhizon SMS). The feasibility of using the column device to collect soil solution and percolate and to monitor leachability of nitrate in two sludge-amended soils was evaluated under glasshouse conditions. The soil moisture sampler in the device was demonstrated to be a non-destructive, simultaneous, sequential, convenient and rapid sampling tool for multiple-site porewater extraction. The device provided an in situ monitoring technique for leachability of nitrate in a soil profile following application of the anaerobically digested sewage sludge. The monitored results showed that surface soil amendment of the sewage sludge increased markedly the concentration of nitrate in the soil solutions at depths of 10-30 cm in a neutral paddy soil and at 30-50 cm in an acid red paddy soil. This amendment also largely increased nitrate in the percolates of the acid red soil. The movement and distribution patterns of nitrate in the profile were related to soil types, profile depths and experimental periods. Land application of sewage sludge may pose a risk in groundwater contamination of nitrate.     

Mercury contamination in vicinity of secondary copper smelters in Fuyang, Zhejiang Province, China: Levels and contamination in topsoils

In the present study, we aim to investigate the extent of soil contamination by Hg, particularly by anthropogenic Hg, and tentatively estimate the total Hg (Hg_T) accumulation in topsoils (0-15 cm) in Fuyang, Zhejiang Province—a secondary Cu smelter of China. The results show that the levels of soil Hg in the vicinity of the smelters have been substantially elevated following local smelting activities. The spatial distribution of soil Hg in this area reveals a rapid decrease as the distance from the smelter reaches 1.5 km, which is probably due to the quick deposition process of particulate Hg and reactive gaseous Hg emitted from the smelters. The total accumulation of Hg_T in the topsoils of the study area of 10.9 km² is approximately 365-561 kg and of which 346-543 kg might be contributed by anthropogenic emission alone with an annual emission of 17.3-27.2 kg Hg to the topsoils.     

城市生活垃圾堆肥过程控制技术的现状和发展

介绍了堆肥处理过程的特点 ,叙述了国内外城市生活垃圾过程控制技术的发展现状 ,指出了该技术今后的主要发展方向及发展趋势 ,并讨论了垃圾堆肥过程控制面临的理论与实际问题。     

Several current-use, non-PBDE brominated flame retardants are highly bioaccumulative: evidence from field determined bioaccumulation factors

With the phaseout of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), some non-PBDE BFRs have prompted to be alternatives to the discontinued PBDEs. To assess the bioaccumulation potential of these chemicals, field bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for several non-PBDE BFRs including hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), pentabromotoluene (PBT), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), and hexabromobenzene (HBB), were determined in the aquatic species from a natural pond in an electronic waste recycling site in South China. The log BAFs ranged 2.58-6.01, 3.24-5.58, 3.44-5.98, 2.85-5.98, 3.32-6.08, 2.04-4.77, 2.72-4.09 and 3.31-5.54 for α-HBCD, β-HBCD, γ-HBCD, ∑HBCDs, BTBPE, PBT, PBEB, and HBB, respectively. The log BAF values for HBCD isomers, BTBPE, and HBB were greater than 3.7 (corresponding BAF value 5000) in most of the investigated species, demonstrating their highly bioaccumulative properties. α-, β-, and γ-HBCDs, BTBPE, and HBB appeared comparable or had even greater BAFs compared to PBDE congeners with similar K(OW), suggesting that these BFRs may have a potentially high environmental risk. The BAFs for the given BFR compound were largely variable between species, due to the species-specific feeding ecology, trophic level, and metabolic capacity for these pollutants. Positive linear relationships between log BAF and log K(OW) (r2 = 0.59, p = 0.04), and molecular weight (r2 = 0.54, p = 0.06) of non-PBDE BFRs were observed in the species with low trophic level (Chinese mysterysnail), suggesting that the chemical's physicochemical properties also played key roles in the bioaccumulation processes.     

桂林地区大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)工业排放源清单

通过现场勘测以及走访调研的形式,获得桂林地区2011至2013年工业生产情况统计,参照国内外相关文献资料确定排放因子,并通过数据处理得到桂林地区工业排放源清单。结果表明,近三年桂林地区工业污染源年均向大气排放细颗粒物(PM2.5)10 751.01 t,其中以兴安县贡献量最大,达到5 024.92 t;永福县次之,为2 924.31 t。在企业类型中,以火力发电企业、水泥及砖瓦厂对桂林地区大气排放细颗粒物的贡献量较大,分别为2 540.81、6 544.51和555.13 t。同时,桂林地区以煤炭作为主要燃料,其对大气排放细颗粒物的年均贡献量达到2 672.17 t。     

以养殖固体废弃物发酵产物为碳源的SND系统的脱氮除磷效果

在连续低曝气的SBR装置中,采用人工模拟养殖废水培养成熟脱氮除磷污泥,研究了养殖固体废弃物发酵产物为碳源的养殖废水脱氮除磷效果。结果表明:在水力停留时间(HRT)为12 h,溶氧在0.04~1.5 mg/L之间,污泥经过25 d的驯化培养,反应器中形成了具有较高活性的同步硝化反硝化能力的污泥,以养殖固体废弃物发酵产物为碳源处理养殖废水,反应器中的COD、NO3--N和NH4+-N最大去除率分别能达到97.87%、94.95%和88.90%,且NO2--N完全不发生累积,其中C/N=7.35,即50 g湿重的养殖固体废弃物与2 L的养殖废水配比最佳,脱氮除磷效果最好,对TN的去除率在87%左右,能够较好完成同步脱氮除磷实现养殖固体废弃物的资源化利用,为循环水养殖系统零排放提供技术参考。     

温度对牛粪两相厌氧发酵特性的影响

研究了不同温度对两相厌氧发酵特性的影响,温度设置分别为30、35、40、45、50、55和60℃,产酸相和产甲烷相的温度保持一致。结果表明,不同温度对挥发酸含量的变化趋势相同,都是随着发酵时间的增加先升高到最高点后开始下降,温度的改变不会影响牛粪的产酸代谢类型;温度的升高有利于水解过程的进行,但不利酸化过程的进行。产甲烷相的最佳水力停留时间为6 d,温度为35℃时产气量最高为6.08 L/d,中温更有利于牛粪湿法厌氧发酵过程的进行。     

多因素影响下SUFR系统除磷效果研究

在进水COD浓度控制在300～400 mg/L范围内,针对SRT、C/N和C/P 3个因素对TP的影响设计了正交实验,并在此基础上进行回归正交实验。实验结果显示：SRT、C/N、C/P 3个因素中SRT对厌氧释磷和好氧吸磷速率的影响最大,随着SRT的增大,系统除磷效率逐渐下降。C/N和C/P的增长使系统进水TN、TP浓...     

催化动力学光度法测定电镀废水中痕量铬(Ⅵ)

研究在 H2 SO4介质中 ,痕量 Cr( )对催化溴酸钾氧化偶氮胂 的褪色反应及动力学条件 ,建立了测定痕量 Cr( )的新方法。方法的检出限为 6 .4× 10 -1 2 g/L ,Cr( )量在 0～ 4 80μg/L范围内符合比尔定律。用于测定电镀废水中痕量 Cr( ) ,获得了满意的结果