Seven suggestive quantitative trait loci influence hygienic behavior of honey bees

In 1964, Walter Rothenbuhler proposed a two-gene model to explain phenotypic variance in the remarkable behavior in which honey bee workers remove dead brood from their colonies. Rothenbuhler's model proposed that one locus controls the uncapping of brood cells containing dead pupae, while a second controls the removal of the cell contents. We show here, through molecular techniques and quantitative trait loci (QTL) linkage mapping, that the genetic basis of hygienic behavior is more complex, and that many genes are likely to contribute to the behavior. In our cross, we detected seven suggestive QTLs associated with hygienic behavior. Each detected QTL controlled only 9-15% of the observed phenotypic variance in the character.     

柴油机排气微粒特性的试验研究

柴油机微粒对人体健康的危害不仅取决于微粒量的多少,还取决于其分布和形态。柴油机微粒特性的系统分析对于进一步研究柴油机微粒对人体健康的危害以及柴油机微粒的净化技术都具有重要的意义。     

脱氮-混凝气浮-UASB-接触氧化法处理垃圾填埋渗滤液

采用脱氮—混凝气浮—UASB—接触氧化工艺处理高氨氮、高浊度的垃圾渗滤液，使处理后出水的各项指标完全达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)二级新扩改标准。对废水处理系统的工艺作了简单介绍，并对系统的调试、运行过程进行了技术总结。     

以规划保障饮用水源地安全

我国饮用水源安全目前面临严峻的形势，随着《国务院关于落实科学发展观加强环境保护的决定》的颁布和第六次环保大会的召开，饮用水源保护成为环保工作的重中之重。本文从“以人为本，可持续发展”的理念出发，建议规划中加强应用科学知识，全面规划，增设人性化的可持续发展工程等措施，提出“束导”并举，立足法律，细化法律，提高标准来提高水源地安全保障。[编者按]     

博茨瓦纳欧科范果湿地1972～2000年泛滥方式

欧科范果三角洲地区泛滥范围年年在变化.这种变化与安哥拉高地集水区的区域性降水及当地降雨量有关.我们采用了1972～2000年的3000多幅卫星图像来描绘湿地的格局,其中从1985～2000年的图像几乎是NOAAAVHRR每日连续传送的,1972年以来的其它图像是从Landsat传感器上传下来的,其连续性次之.对AVHRR图像每10天为一期,用无监督分类方法分成陆地和水体.对LandsatTM和ERS2-ATSR数据进行分析的结果,与测算的淹没区域89%相吻合.结果显示欧科范果湿地近期30年期间的变化约在2450～11400km2之间.     

利用裂变产物I~(133)的中子活化分析法精确测定岩石、矿物中的铀含量

本文介绍了一种确定岩石和矿物样品中铀含量的放射化学中子活化技术。这种方法是基于碱熔样品,用硝酸钠溶液对碘的选择氧化和用蒸馏法分出裂变产物 I~(133)。这种方法是迅速、灵敏和可靠的。     

不锈钢丝网填料存在时氮氧化物吸收过程的研究

在不锈钢丝网波纹填料柱中以水为吸收液,考察了气体空塔速度和氧化度对低浓度氮气化物(NO_x)吸收的影响。吸收率随氧化度的增高而增高,随空塔速度的增高而降低。并对比了聚丙烯丝网波纹填料柱吸收NO_x的效果。实验结果表明,在室温下不锈钢对NO_x的吸收未显示出催化活性。同时讨论比较了网波填料柱和降膜湿壁柱的吸收性能。 近年来用波纹填料或塑料针毡滤料消除尾气中NO_x和硝酸雾的方法,引起人们的注意。不过其净化机理还不十分清楚,Gilbert,W.J.等认为不锈钢丝网填料对NO有催化氧化的作用。为了弄清这一问题我们考察了不锈钢丝网和聚丙烯丝网填料柱中空塔速度和NO_x氧化度对NO_x吸收的影响,实验结果表明,在室温条件下不锈钢对NO_x的吸收未显示出催化活性。只是在空塔速度低或氧化度高的情况下,NO_x的吸收率才较高。同时对吸收特性进行了讨论。     

有机染料废水的净化

电化学处理目前用电化学法处理工业废水的越来越多。在无隔膜电解槽中阳极氧化有机杂质很有效。有机污染物可通过原子氧、氯以及电化学法进行氧化。电解槽的阳极一般用石墨、钛、氧化钌钛涂层,而阴极一般用不锈钢和钛涂层,此时多数情况下不生成沉淀。在以石墨或涂钌钛氧化物的电极为阳极无隔膜电解槽中进行了净     

Fluid Mechanics of Biological Surfaces and their Technological Application

 A survey is given on fluid-dynamic effects caused by the structure and properties of biological surfaces. It is demonstrated that the results of investigations aiming at technological applications can also provide insights into biophysical phenomena. Techniques are described both for reducing wall shear stresses and for controlling boundary-layer separation. (a) Wall shear stress reduction was investigated experimentally for various riblet surfaces including a shark skin replica. The latter consists of 800 plastic model scales with compliant anchoring. Hairy surfaces are also considered, and surfaces in which the no-slip condition is modified. Self-cleaning surfaces such as that of lotus leaves represent an interesting option to avoid fluid-dynamic deterioration by the agglomeration of dirt. An example of technological implementation is discussed for riblets in long-range commercial aircraft. (b) Separation control is also an important issue in biology. After a few brief comments on vortex generators, the mechanism of separation control by bird feathers is described in detail. Self-activated movable flaps (=artificial bird feathers) represent a high-lift system enhancing the maximum lift of airfoils by about 20%. This is achieved without perceivable deleterious effects under cruise conditions. Finally, flight experiments on an aircraft with laminar wing and movable flaps are presented.