可持续食品生产的一种全寿命思路

可持续性问题涉及整个食品生产与供应链,从食品生产和加工到包装,流通和最终消费,其中每个步骤都涉及资源投入和废物与排放物的产生,本文探讨了一睦可以提高资源效率、技术应用、消费者教育、和更深入了解消费者需求而使食品生产为得更可持续的途径,它也考究考察了食品业正在如何回应这些挑战。     

积极探索筹资新措 全力推动社保发展——海门市全面开展依法扩面征缴工作

随着经济社会的发展，人口老龄化问题日益严峻，迫切要求社会做出积极的应对措施，实施预筹积累，为将来的养老压力承重。扩大养老保险覆盖面、加强养老保险费的征缴是完善社会养老保险体系的重要内容，也是确保养老金足额发放、深化企业改革．促进劳动力资源合理流动和有效配置的重要保证。近年来，江苏省海门市劳动保障局通过宣传发动、服务推动．部门联动、政策拉动、监察督动等一系列有效措施，     

Sleepiness among night-time drivers: relationship to blood alcohol concentration and other factors

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to explore the distribution and correlates of subjective sleepiness among the general night-time driving population. METHODS: The survey took place in three British Columbia communities in June 2003 between 21:00 hours to 03:00 hours. Sites and vehicles were selected randomly. Surveyors obtained information on several demographic and situational variables including self-assessed degree of sleepiness and self-reported hours asleep and awake, as well as an objective measure of blood alcohol concentration obtained from a hand-held breath-testing device. RESULTS: The total compliance rate among intercepted drivers was 85%. Among the 2335 drivers responding to the questionnaire, 68.4% indicated that they were wide awake, 27.6% were somewhat sleepy, and 4.1% were very sleepy. Logistic regression quantified the independent contributions of the various factors to subjective sleepiness. Male drivers with positive blood alcohol concentrations under 50 mg% were more likely to report feeling sleepy than those with either higher or with zero blood alcohol concentration. Greater relative risk of sleepiness was also associated with being female, being under age 55, and advanced hour of night. Driving with passengers of the same gender was associated with lower reported sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of night-time drivers are driving while sleepy, especially at late night and early morning hours. The combination of alcohol and sleepiness compounds impairment in experimental studies and deserves greater attention in crash risk studies and as a topic for public education and awareness.     

Mode choice model for vulnerable motorcyclists in Malaysia

OBJECTIVE: In developing countries, motorcycle use has grown in popularity in the past decades. Commensurate with this growth is the increase in death and casualties among motorcyclists in these countries. One of the strategic programs to minimize this problem is to reduce motorcyclists exposure by shifting them into safer modes of transport. This study aims to explore the differences in the characteristics of bus and motorcycle users. It identifies the factors contributing to their choice of transport mode and estimates the probability that motorcyclists might change their travel mode to a safer alternative; namely, bus travel. METHODS: In this article, a survey of 535 motorcycle and bus users was conducted in seven districts of Selangor state, Malaysia. A binary logit model was developed for the two alternative modes, bus and motorcycle. RESULTS: It was found that travel time, travel cost, gender, age, and income level are significant in influencing motorcyclists' mode choice behavior. The probability of motorcycle riders shifting to public transport was also examined based on a scenario of a reduction in bus travel time and travel cost. CONCLUSIONS: Reduction of total travel time for the bus mode emerges as the most important element in a program aimed at attracting motorcyclists towards public transport and away from the motorcycle mode.     

海门市全力为民营经济发展保驾护航

民营经济是县域经济的重要组成。近年来，江苏省海门市劳动保障局紧紧围绕海门市委、市政府争创“南通民营经济第一强市”的目标，按照城乡统筹就业的思路，在认真履行工作职责的同时，创新发展举措，搭建服务平台，全力培育、扶持民营经济，取得了明显成效。     

HSE管理中的风险分析方法——以中油国际委内瑞拉公司HSE管理经验为例

HSE管理的出发点应是预防为主。因此尽早识别风险、评估可能的风险是HSE管理的关键。风险分析最重要的是要承认：石油勘探开发活动不可能绝对安全，风险总是客观存在的。风险分析就是尽早识别、分析和评估可能的风险所在、大小和频率。风险管理就是在风险分析的基础上，采取有针对性地措施将风险消减到可接受的水平。本文在总结近年国内外HSE管理中风险分析方法的基础上，结合CNPC在委内瑞拉运行石油项目的经验，提出了一套风险分析的定性和定量方法，包括系统风险分析、节点风险分析、概率统计分析等。由于大力推广和应用这些方法，使CNPC在委内瑞拉运行石油项目9年来没有发生任何HSE大事故，被委内瑞拉国家石油公司誉为“国际石油投资者HSE工作的典范”。     

小手扶拖拉机事故多发原因

“要想富买手扶”这是农民常说的一句口头禅。的确,手扶拖拉机在农村因其实用范围广,操作简便, 物美价廉,深受广大农民朋友的喜爱。但又因其无转向灯、后视镜、制动性差,农民文化素质参差不齐以及管理手段滞后等原因,导致交通事故频发,酿造了一幕幕的人间悲剧。发生的交通事故中手扶拖拉机肇事占 30％以上。     

城市污泥与谷壳混合制备吸附剂的研究

以氯化锌为活化剂,城市污泥与谷壳为原料热解制备含碳吸附剂,通过单因素实验和正交实验确定最佳制备条件,并对吸附剂进行了SEM和比表面积分析。最佳制备条件为:污泥谷壳干重比2∶3,ZnCl2浓度4 mol/L,固液比1∶2.5,热解温度500℃。比表面积测试结果为560.4 m2/g,SEM分析也表明制得的吸附剂孔道发达,说明该吸附剂适合做吸附材料。     

Ecological impacts of umbrella effects of radiation on the individual members

In order to study the interactions in a model aquatic microcosm, an individual-based computer simulation model was developed. The microcosm consists of Euglena gracilis as an autotroph algae, Tetrahymena thermophila as a heterotroph protozoa and Escherichia coli as a saprotroph bacteria. There exists a strong interaction between Tetrahymena and E. coli as the first is the predator of the second. Ecological toxicity tests were conducted to test the population level impacts of the biological effects of radiation and toxicants on the lethality and mobility factors that influence directly or indirectly growth and reproduction. Radiological effects on lethality of E. coli individuals were translated to the reduction of the equilibrium population of Tetrahymena. A synergistic effect at the community level was also observed by the simulation of a combined exposure of radiation and a toxicant which reduced the feeding efficiency of Tetrahymena.     

A review of workplace aerosol sampling procedures and their relevance to the assessment of beryllium exposures

Standardized conventions governing the fractions of airborne particles that can penetrate the human head airways, the thoracic airways and the alveolar spaces have been internationally (although not universally) adopted. Several agencies involved in setting limit values for occupational exposure concentrations have taken these conventions into account when considering the appropriate standard for specific chemicals, in order to ensure the standards are biologically relevant. A convention is selected based on the characteristic health effects, and forms the basis of measurement against the limiting concentration value. In order to assess exposure for comparison to this metric or any other purposes, it is necessary to choose a sampler whose performance matches the convention, and protocols have been developed and used to test sampler performance. Several aerosol sampling devices are available, nominally at least, for each of the conventions. Some considerations important to the sampling of airborne particles containing beryllium with regard to the sampling conventions, the test protocols and sampler performance are discussed.