荷木树干CO2释放通量的个体间差异及树干液流的效应

为研究荷木(Schima superba)个体间树干CO2释放通量(Es)的差异以及树干液流对Es的影响,提高森林生态系统呼吸计算准确性,利用红外气体分析仪及自制式气室于2009年湿季和干季监测了华南荷木人工林5棵样树的Es,并同步监测了树干温度(θs)、气温及液流密度.结果显示:θs与气温之间呈显著线形正相关;Es与树干温度之间存在显著指数函数关系;Es干湿季的差异显著,并呈现明显的季节变化;5株样树之间Es存在显著差异,平均Es分别为3.12、3.60、5.52、6.98、8.09μmol m-2 s-1;同时,样树之间树干CO2释放通量的温度系数(Q10)差异显著(1.97～4.24之间).Tree1、Tree2和Tree4白天的Es与液流速度(v)显著正相关,白天的标准化树干CO2释放通量(R25,温度为25℃时的Es)高于晚上.荷木Es个体之间及时间上的差异主要受树干温度、生长状况和液流速度的影响.图3表6参35     

城市规划与城市空间结构塑造——以兰州市为例

兰州市是中国西部河谷型多中心城市的典型代表.新中国成立以来,兰州市在区域发展环境、政治与经济体制的变革中不断调整城市空间发展战略.全面阐述了指引兰州市城市发展的四次城市总体规划,对其制定的背景、规划内容和实施效果进行了论述,总结了城市规划在城市空间结构塑造中发挥的重要作用.     

湛江港临近海域养殖区的贝类毒素

为掌握湛江港临近海域养殖区贝类毒素的特征情况,近几年来,作者在多个采样点进行了样品采集,小白鼠生物法和高效液相色谱法的检测结果表明:(1)多种贝类体中检测出PSP,而DSP则更为普遍。(2)所检测的12种PSP成分在该海域均存在。不同的贝类,其毒素成分情况有所不同。PSP各成分有一定的季节性变化规律。消化腺中各毒性成分含量值相对较高。(3)PSP毒素值较低,未超标,仅在春秋季节检出。DSP毒素在各季节均存在,并有超标现象,从阳性率和超标率来看,秋季春季冬季。春秋季节应特别注意水产品的食用安全。(4)多处地区毒素含量值较高。     

深圳湾污损生物挂板的初步研究

2006年12月至2007年11月,在深圳湾内进行污损生物周年挂板试验,共记录污损生物24种,隶属于7个动物门。月板平均附着生物量表层2780.72 g/m2,底层4110.10 g/m2,最高峰出现在7月份;四季板平均湿重表层2521.13 g/m2,底层4382.10 g/m2,最高峰出现在秋季;半年板平均湿重表层4065.10 g/m2,底层4298.30 g/m2;年板平均湿重表层6212.20g/m2,底层20009.10 g/m2。四季优势种显著不同,华美盘管虫、总合草苔虫和藤壶在春、冬季附着量较大,夏季没有附着。沙筛贝和总状真枝螅在夏、秋季的附着量较大,冬季没有附着。     

活性污泥对有机污染物的吸附研究

通过中试试验,分析了活性污泥对污染物吸附的影响因素,并考察了活性污泥对城市污水中污染物的吸附效果.试验研究表明,污泥浓度(MLSS)、水力停留时间(HPT)和污泥龄(SRT)对活性污泥吸附污染物的效果有一定的影响,但污泥龄影响较小.在污泥质量浓度为3～5 g/L,HRT为36 min和SRT为2 d的运行参数下,活性污泥时COD,SS,TN和TP吸附效果分别为70.7%,87.7%,30.2%和72.2%.     

Integration of biological method and membrane technology in treating palm oil mill e uent

Palm oil industry is the most important agro-industry in Malaysia, but its by-product–palm oil mill e uent (POME), posed a great threat to water environment. In the past decades, several treatment and disposal methods have been proposed and investigated to solve this problem. A two-stage pilot-scale plant was designed and constructed for POME treatment. Anaerobic digestion and aerobic biodegradation constituted the first biological stage, while ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane units were combined as the second membrane separation stage. In the anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor, about 43% organic matter in POME was converted into biogas, and COD reduction e ciency reached 93% and 22% in EGSB and the following aerobic reactor, respectively.With the treatment in the first biological stage, suspended solids and oil also decreased to a low degree. All these alleviated the membrane fouling and prolonged the membrane life. In the membrane process unit, almost all the suspended solids were captured by UF membranes, while RO membrane excluded most of the dissolved solids or inorganic salts from RO permeate. After the whole treatment processes, organic matter in POME expressed by BOD and COD was removed almost thoroughly. Suspended solids and color were not detectable in RO permeate any more, and mineral elements only existed in trace amount (except for K and Na). The high-quality e uent was crystal clear and could be used as the boiler feed water.     

Integration of biological method and membrane technology in treating palm oil mill effluent

Palm oil industry is the most important agro-industry in Malaysia, but its by-product-palm oil mill effluent (POME), posed a great threat to water environment. In the past decades, several treatment and disposal methods have been proposed and investigated to solve this problem. A two-stage pilot-scale plant was designed and constructed for POME treatment. Anaerobic digestion and aerobic biodegradation constituted the first biological stage, while ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane units were combined as the second membrane separation stage. In the anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor, about 43% organic matter in POME was converted into biogas, and COD reduction efficiency reached 93% and 22% in EGSB and the following aerobic reactor, respectively. With the treatment in the first biological stage, suspended solids and oil also decreased to a low degree. All these alleviated the membrane fouling and prolonged the membrane life. In the membrane process unit, almost all the suspended solids were captured by UF membranes, while RO membrane excluded most of the dissolved solids or inorganic salts from RO permeate. After the whole treatment processes, organic matter in POME expressed by BOD and COD was removed almost thoroughly. Suspended solids and color were not detectable in RO permeate any more, and mineral elements only existed in trace amount (except for K and Na). The high-quality effluent was crystal clear and could be used as the boiler feed water.     

活性砂滤池在污水处理厂提标改造中的应用

结合金坛某污水处理厂提标改造工程设计,介绍了新型活性砂过滤装置的主要特点、设计参数、技术经济指标及处理效果.该工艺具有处理效果稳定、运行成本低、管理维护方便等优点.     

哲学视阈中的企业安全文化——以中国石化管道企业安全文化为例

安全哲学为人类安全提供认识论和方法论的指导。基于唯物辩证法联系和发展的观点,分析企业安全文化和企业文化的辩证关系,认为企业安全文化建设依赖于企业文化基础,融入企业文化建设之中,融入企业文化的发展规划、决策,渗透到企业文化建设诸项内容中去。探讨企业安全文化的哲学诉求,认为企业安全文化的哲学是以"以人为本"为依据。对中国石化管道企业文化和企业安全文化进行阐述,对企业安全核心理念逐一进行哲学诠释。     

一种基于视频图像相关性的火灾火焰识别方法

由于火焰燃烧时气体羽流的卷吸特性和空气流动的影响,燃烧的火焰表现出不停的振荡特性,基于这种振荡性提出利用图像的相关性来探测火灾的发生.火灾视觉特征的提取是视觉火灾探测的重要问题,首先确定运动区域,再利用火焰振荡特性提出了相关性算法,并分析了R、G、B 3种分量对相关性的影响.实验结果表明利用相关性来分析时,火焰的相关性系数图是剧烈振荡的,而非火焰的相关性系数图是相对比较平坦的,为可视化火灾探测系统提供了一种有效的判据;R、G、B对相关性的影响是一致的,在实际应用中只需利用其中的1个分量即可,可有效提高火灾探测系统的响应时间.