不同墩高下连续刚构桥抗震性能分析

以某大跨连续高墩刚构桥为依托,采用Midas/civil软件建立仿真模型,通过时程分析方法研究双肢薄壁墩参数在地震响应下对高墩连续刚构桥抗震性能的影响.以桥墩高度为主要参数,以模型阵型频率、桥墩墩顶、墩底位移及内力变化三个方面对其抗震性能进行评价.研究结果表明,随着其中一个桥墩高度的增加,桥梁频率不断减小,矮墩墩底及矮...     

Effects of long-term amendment of organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer on nitrous oxide emission in a sandy loam soil

To understand the effects of long-term amendment of organic manure and N fertilizer on N2O emission in the North China Plain, a laboratory incubation at different temperatures and soil moistures were carried out using soils treated with organic manure （OM）, half organic manure plus half fertilizer N （HOM）, fertilizer NPK （NPK）, fertilizer NP （NP）, fertilizer NK （NK）, fertilizer PK （NK） and control （CK） since 1989. Cumulative N2O emission in OM soil during the 17 d incubation period was slightly higher than in NPK soil under optimum nitrification conditions （25℃ and 60% water-filled pore space, WFPS）, but more than twice under the optimum denitrification conditions （35℃ and 90% WFPS）. N2O produced by denitrification was 2.1-2.3 times greater than that by nitrification in OM and HOM soils, but only 1.5 times greater in NPK and NP soils. These results implied that the long-term amendment of organic manure could significantly increase the N2O emission via denitrification in OM soil as compared to NPK soil. This is quite different from field measurement between OM soil and NPK soil. Substantial inhibition of the formation of anaerobic environment for denitrification in field might result in no marked difference in N2O emission between OM and NPK soils. This is due in part to more rapid oxygen diffusion in coarse textured soils than consumption by aerobic microbes until WFPS was 75% and to low easily decomposed organic C of organic manure. This finding suggested that addition of organic manure in the tested sandy loam might be a good management option since it seldom caused a burst of N2O emission but sequestered atmospheric C and maintained efficiently applied N in soil.     

太湖东北部沉积物理化特征及磷赋存形态研究

对太湖东部和北部8个沉积物样品进行了理化性质及磷赋存形态分析,在此基础上探讨了沉积物各理化性质与磷赋存形态间的相关关系。研究结果表明：太湖沉积物的总磷含量为307.43～1454.39 mg/kg,阳离子交换量为15.18～22.68 meq/100g土,有机质含量为1.66%～3.45%;颗粒组成以粉砂级和粘粒级为主,占总量的54.39%～76.83%;主要矿物组成为石英和长石,粘土矿物以伊利石/蒙脱石混层为主,其次是伊利石、绿泥石和高岭石;沉积物中氧化物以SiO2、Al2O3和TFe2O3为主,且它们的含量随沉积物中总磷含量的不同变化较大。磷的形态以无机磷为主,污染较重沉积物中铁/铝磷的含量明显升高,有机磷的比例降低,钙磷变化不大。沉积物的各理化性质与磷赋存形态间关系密切,随着沉积物中总磷含量的增加, 阳离子交换量和有机质的含量都逐渐升高,细颗粒含量（<2 μm）逐渐增多,铁/铝形态的磷在总磷中所占比例也逐渐增大。     

铜陵市资源利用与经济增长关系分析

资源利用与经济增长之间的关系是资源与环境经济学研究的重要领域。以安徽省铜陵市为例,尝试运用物质流分析方法以及最新发展的自回归分布滞后模型（ARDL）对铜陵市1990~2008年资源利用和实际GDP二者关系进行检验和分析。采用了物质流分析指标中直接物质投入来表征区域资源利用量。ARDL边界检验结果表明了资源利用和经济增长间存在稳定的长期均衡关系。进一步通过ARDL-ECM模型分析了区域经济增长对资源利用长期弹性系数和短期弹性系数,并揭示出资源利用对经济增长的短期和长期因果关系。研究结果表明当前资源投入在一定程度上拉动了铜陵经济增长。同时还对铜陵经济增长和资源保护战略提出了政策建议     

纳米级聚合氯化铝处理石化废水絮凝效果研究

采用自制的纳米级聚合氯化铝絮凝荆处理石大科技股份公司胜华炼油厂隔油池出水,以处理后水样的透光率作为混凝沉降效果的评价指标,并对絮凝剂投加量、搅拌速度、搅拌时间等影响混凝效果的因素进行了研究。试验表明,聚合氯化铝对石化废水的处理达到较为理想的效果,聚合氯化铝混凝处理石化废水的最佳条件为：纳米级聚合氯化铝投加量为15mg／L左右,慢速搅拌的搅拌速度为50～60rpm,快速搅拌的搅拌速度为190—225rpm,快速搅拌时间90s。慢速搅时间10min时效果最佳。使用Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法及XRD对絮凝荆进行了表征,结果证实样品中Alb含量可达到85％左右。     

和谐社会视野下的环境伦理学

20世纪是人类科学取得巨大成就的时期,也是地球环境急剧恶化、环境危机全球化和日益严重的时期.本文通过环境整体主义道德哲学的核心意识结构阐释人类追求的最高价值即是生态系统的整体利益,它既涵盖了整体主义的和谐发展论,又包括完整的环境正义观.     

Gas/particle partitioning of atmospheric PCDD/Fs in a satellite town in Eastern China

Gas/particle partitioning of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in ambient air was investigated in a satellite town in Eastern China from April 2007 to January 2008 comprehending large temperature variations (from 3 to 34 °C, daily average). Molecular weight, molecular structure and ambient temperatures are the three major factors that govern the gas/particle partitioning of atmospheric PCDD/Fs throughout the year. Generally, good agreements were obtained (except for winter) between measured particulate fractions and theoretical estimates of both the Junge–Pankow adsorption model and Harner Bidleman absorption model using different sets of subcooled liquid vapor pressure and octanol–air partition coefficient (K_oa), respectively. Models utilizing estimates, derived from gas chromatographic retention indices (GC-RIs), are more accurate than that of entropy-based. Moreover, during winter, the K_oa-based model using the GC-RIs approach performs better on lower chlorinated PCDD/Fs than that of -based. Furthermore, possible sources of mismatch between measured and predicted values in winter (3–7 °C) were discussed. Gas adsorption artifact was demonstrated to be of minor importance for the phenomena observed. On the other hand, large deviations of slopes (m_r) and intercepts (b_r) in logK_p vs. plots from theoretical values are observed in the literature data and these are found to be linearly correlated with ambient temperatures (P<0.001) in this study. This indicates that the non-equilibrium partitioning of PCDD/Fs in winter may be significantly influenced by the colder temperatures that may have slowed down the exchange between gaseous and particulate fractions.     

大型中心传动浓缩（刮泥）机的应用与发展

阐述了大型中心传动浓缩机与周边传动浓缩机的结构特点及国内外的应用现状,分析了周边传动浓缩机存在的结构性缺陷,介绍了中心传动浓缩机的分类、技术特点以及其在国内的推广应用前景。     

可靠性理论在公共安全领域的应用研究

对公共安全体系从系统可靠性的视角,综合运用可靠性方面的知识,构建公共安全系统混联模型;进而将可靠性分配理论与故障树分析方法相结合,根据系统安全目标的要求,确定混联系统的第一层次各单元事件的可靠性目标值,对构成各单元的各个下属单元采取最小工作量可靠度分配方法,从而建立系统中各单元可靠度再分配量化模型。通过建筑物火灾引起人员伤亡事故实例,详述系统各单元可靠性分配的计算过程。研究表明,可靠性理论可以成功地应用到公共安全领域;使系统在给定的目标值条件下达到系统的安全性优化,实现了公共安全保障效能,减小灾害损失。     

完善环境影响评价公众参与的初步研究

环境影响评价制度是我国的一项基本环境保护法律制度,是环境管理体系的重要组成部分,完善公众参与体系有利于解决当前环境影响评价中公众参与存在的问题。在总结国内外公众参与发展进程的基础上,对完善公众参与体系进行了初步研究,提出了完善公众参与体系的内涵要点,提高公众参与体系研究力度,建立公众参与学相关内容。