高校自动排课系统的设计与实现

高校的排课工作一直是教学管理中一项重要而复杂的工作,拥有大量的约束条件,根据不同的实际情况也有着复杂的特殊性.高校自动排课系统不仅能够提高教学管理人员的工作效率,也可以大大提高排课的科学性和可靠性.     

Study of individual reactions of the sour compression process for the purification of oxyfuel-derived CO2

Following the feasibility study of sour compression process as a novel purification method of producing NO_x-free, SO₂-free oxyfuel-derived CO₂ using actual fluegas, in this paper, we present the study of the individual reactions taking place in the process in a controlled environment. We have previously showed that an increase of NO/NO₂ concentration in the inlet stream is beneficial for SO₂ removal as NO₂ promotes SO₂ oxidation and the further removal as liquid acid. In this study we show that the reaction SO₂ + NO₂ → SO₃ + NO does not take place significantly in the absence of liquid water at a range of conditions relevant to the sour compression process. When liquid water is present, SO₂ is oxidised by NO₂ regenerating NO with the rate of conversion of SO₂ being dependent on the acid concentration in the liquid. The formation of small liquid droplets where very low levels of pH (?0) can be reached is shown to be of great importance to the SO₂ + NO₂ conversion process.     

基于卫星观测的中三角地区吸收性气溶胶的时空演化解析

基于臭氧检测仪(Ozone Monitoring Instrument,OMI)的遥感数据,利用ArcGIS10.2对2005—2020年中三角地区(湖北省、湖南省、江西省)紫外吸收性气溶胶指数(Ultraviolet Aerosol Index,UVAI)的时空变化进行分析,结合气溶胶颗粒物(PM_2.5、PM₁₀)和气态污染物(CO)数据,利用HYSPLIT(Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model)方法研究主要污染城市气溶胶颗粒物的来源与传输路径,通过核密度估计法、相关性分析、聚类分析,研究其影响因素.结果表明：(1)在空间分布上,中三角地区吸收性气溶胶的高值区集中在襄阳市北部、孝感市东部、武汉市西部;在时间分布上,2008年UVAI最低,2014年达到最大值;季节分布具有明显变化,2005—2020年吸收性气溶胶指数季均值为冬季>春季>秋季>夏季.(2)UVAI与人口增长率、第二产业产值占总产值的比重呈正相关性,与节能环保预算支出呈显著负...     

菌株 Arthrobacter sp. CN2降解对硝基苯酚的特性与动力学

为研究对硝基苯酚降解菌Arthrobacter sp.CN2在实际生产中的应用潜力,本文分别分析了p H、盐浓度和额外添加碳源对降解效率的影响,同时对降解的动力学方程进行拟合分析.菌株CN2在p H 7.0~8.0,Na Cl浓度60 g·L-1之间能够高效降解对硝基苯酚,72 h内对50 mg·L-1对硝基苯酚的降解率均大于90%.同时发现适量添加葡萄糖(0.5%)可显著促进CN2降解对硝基苯酚,与不添加葡萄糖条件下相比,达到90%降解率所需时间缩短了16 h.当对硝基苯酚浓度低于300 mg·L-1时,菌株CN2对对硝基苯酚的降解符合一级动力学方程,降解速率常数在0.021 7~0.025 0之间.在生物反应器中应用菌株CN2模拟处理工业废水,3 L含对硝基苯酚废水(100 mg·L-1)在72h的降解率大于90%.研究表明,菌株Arthrobacter sp.CN2能够高效地降解对硝基苯酚,对于环境有良好适应能力,具有良好的应用前景.     

乳山湾邻近海域沉积物中好氧氨氧化微生物分布特征

氮素循环是海洋生态系统物质循环的重要组成部分,对维持海洋生态平衡具有重要意义.由好氧氨氧化微生物(aerobic ammonia-oxidizing microorganism,AOM)推动的氨氧化过程是硝化作用的限速步骤.本研究通过荧光定量PCR技术,并结合潜在硝化速率(potential nitrification rates,PNR)的测定,研究了2014年8月乳山湾邻近海域沉积物中好氧氨氧化微生物种群分布特征.结果表明,3个采样站位中氨氧化细菌(ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AOB)amo A拷贝数均高于氨氧化古菌(ammonia-oxidizing archaea,AOA);活性AOB占总AOB的比值低于1%,而活性AOA未检出;添加可抑制AOB活性的氨苄青霉素后,潜在硝化速率显著降低(P0.05).由此可知,AOB在8月乳山湾邻近海域沉积物氨氧化过程中发挥了重要作用.溶解氧浓度、温度及铵盐浓度对乳山湾邻近海域沉积物中好氧氨氧化微生物的种群丰度起着重要的调控作用.     

中国全要素能源效率测算及其驱动因素

为敦促中国全要素能源效率提升,遵循中国全要素能源效率测算、驱动因素分析的研究路径,首先以中国30个省份、直辖市、自治区(不包括西藏、香港、澳门和台湾)的面板数据为研究对象,将能源足迹纳入非期望产出指标,旨在使全要素能源效率测度指标更加科学;其次采用更适宜于面板数据的动态随机非参数数据包络分析法(StoNED)测度全要素能源效率,并按全国、八大经济区、分省3个层面分析测算结果;再次结合因变量为截断数据且可能存在空间效应的特性,构建包含环境规制、对外贸易、科研经费、能源消费结构、人口规模、产业结构6个驱动因素的空间误差面板Tobit回归模型(SEM-Tobit),研究中国全要素能源效率驱动因素效应;最后探求提升全要素能源效率的政策建议.研究发现:就全要素能源效率测度结果而言,从全国来看,中国全要素能源效率大致呈先下降后上升的分布特征;从区域来看,八大综合经济区全要素能源效率呈现由沿海向内陆逐渐收敛的发展态势;从具体省域来看,沿海省份全要素能源效率相对较高,但同一地区不同省份间全要素能源效率水平存在一定差异;从驱动因素分析结果来看,环境规制、能源消费结构对全要素能源效率呈现显著的负向作用,而产业结构、人口规模、对外贸易、科研经费对全要素能源效率呈现积极推动作用.     

三峡水库蓄水至135 m后坝前及香溪河水域溶解无机汞分布特征研究

根据2004年8月在长江三峡水库坝前及香溪河水域对溶解无机汞浓度观测结果,分析了三峡水库蓄水至135 m(135～139m)1a后溶解无机汞的变化,初步探讨了影响溶解无机汞变化的因素,估算了蓄水对河流输送汞的影响.结果表明,三峡库区干流河段平均浓度为22.7ng·L-1,范围为未检出至82.6ng·L-1.较高浓度区主要集中在20m以浅的水体;香溪河溶解无机汞浓度与干流基本相当,平均浓度为18.0ng·L-1,浓度范围为未检出至61.4ng·L-1.蓄水后,溶解无机汞浓度显著升高,数量可观的汞将随着泥沙的沉降而滞留库区,值得关注和进一步深入研究.     

石化企业地表水环境风险应急设施的环境风险识别

地表水环境风险应急设施是有效消除或降低石化企业的地表水环境风险的基础,在运行中也存在一定的环境风险,也会发生事故并对环境造成严重的负面影响。文章在探讨环境风险类型和风险识别范围的基础上,对石化企业地表水环境风险应急设施的环境风险识别进行了探索性研究。并结合我国西部某大型石化企业的地表水环境应急设施实例,运用故障树分析法进行了环境风险识别的分析,指出了其可能存在的故障。     

A role for selective contraception of individuals in conservation

Contraception has an established role in managing overabundant populations and preventing undesirable breeding in zoos. We propose that it can also be used strategically and selectively in conservation to increase the genetic and behavioral quality of the animals. In captive breeding programs, it is becoming increasingly important to maximize the retention of genetic diversity by managing the reproductive contribution of each individual and preventing genetically suboptimal breeding through the use of selective contraception. Reproductive suppression of selected individuals in conservation programs has further benefits of allowing animals to be housed as a group in extensive enclosures without interfering with breeding recommendations, which reduces adaptation to captivity and facilitates the expression of wild behaviors and social structures. Before selective contraception can be incorporated into a breeding program, the most suitable method of fertility control must be selected, and this can be influenced by factors such as species life history, age, ease of treatment, potential for reversibility, and desired management outcome for the individual or population. Contraception should then be implemented in the population following a step‐by‐step process. In this way, it can provide crucial, flexible control over breeding to promote the physical and genetic health and sustainability of a conservation dependent species held in captivity. For Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii), black‐flanked rock wallabies (Petrogale lateralis), and burrowing bettongs (Bettongia lesueur), contraception can benefit their conservation by maximizing genetic diversity and behavioral integrity in the captive breeding program, or, in the case of the wallabies and bettongs, by reducing populations to a sustainable size when they become locally overabundant. In these examples, contraceptive duration relative to reproductive life, reversibility, and predictability of the contraceptive agent being used are important to ensure the potential for individuals to reproduce following cessation of contraception, as exemplified by the wallabies when their population crashed and needed females to resume breeding.