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31.
Rodrigues Ana Sofia Silveira Jefferson E. Carbajo Jaime Zazo Juan A. Casas Jose A. Fernandes Annabel Pacheco Maria José Ciríaco Lurdes Lopes Ana 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(19):23822-23832
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Perovskite oxides BaFeyTi1-yO3, with y = 0, 0.6, 0.8 and 1, were prepared by ceramic (CM) and complex polymerization methods (CPM) and utilized in... 相似文献
32.
Bijeesh Kozhikkodan Veettil Nilceia Bianchini André Medeiros de Andrade Ulisses Franz Bremer Jefferson Cardia Simões Enoil de Souza Junior 《Regional Environmental Change》2016,16(5):1267-1278
This paper discusses the recent retreat of glaciers and the changes in supraglacial lakes in the Bhutan Himalaya during the last two decades. We calculated the changes in clean and debris-covered glaciers and the formation, disappearance, and expansion of glacial lakes during the beginning of 1990s, 2000s, and 2010 using Landsat TM and ETM+ images. For this purpose, eight river sub-basins namely Wang Chu, Chamkar Chu, Dangme Chu, Kuri Chu, Mangde Chu, Mo Chu, Pho Chu and Northern Basin were considered. A retreating trend was found in the case of clean glaciers. Debris-covered glaciers in this region were found to have undergone an increase of about 29 %, and this increase was partially contributed by those expanded upstream. This increase in the debris-covered area is higher on the southern side of the Bhutan Himalaya. It is found that a number of moraine-dammed glacial lakes were formed during this period and can be potentially dangerous depending on the size, distance from the glacier and altitude. Most of the glacial lake formation and expansion occurred on the southern side of the Bhutan Himalaya. 相似文献
33.
Francisco W. Sousa André G. Oliveira Jefferson P. Ribeiro Morsyleide F. Rosa Denis Keukeleire Ronaldo F. Nascimento 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(8):1634-1640
This study applies green coconut shells as adsorbent for the removal of toxic metal ions from aqueous effluents using column adsorption. The results show that a flow rate of 2 mL/min and a bed height of 10 cm are most feasible. Furthermore, larger amounts of effluent can be treated for removal of single ions. The breakthrough curves for multiple elements gave the order of adsorption capacity: Cu+2 > Pb+2 > Cd+2 > Zn+2 > Ni+2. Real samples arising from the electroplating industry can be efficiently handled. 相似文献
34.
35.
Silt composed predominately of quartz occurs abundantly in the sedimentary material found in deposits worldwide. Its origin is still the subject of many debates, but one acknowledged source is due to glacial grinding. To examine this problem and test the apparent contradictory evidence in the literature, a series of experiments were performed. In these experiments, the Bromhead ring shear apparatus was used as it can simulate glacial grinding due to its uninterrupted shearing action; hence, it provides an effective reproduction of glacial grinding. Experiments conducted on unweathered sand-sized vein quartz produced little silt, while use of sand from a sedimentary deposit, Leighton Buzzard sand, produced plentiful silt. Experimental results suggest that there is an internal mineralogical control on the formation of quartz silt particles. It is argued that the processes involved in the formation of quartz introduce defects (Moss defects) into the low-quartz crystal structure, demonstrated by the presence of peaks in the particle size curve around 20 μm. This indicates that there is a lithological control for the silt yielded under weathering, and this could explain why a pronounced mode at around 20–60 μm is commonly observed in silts, such as loess. 相似文献
36.
Land-Use and Land-Cover Change in Montane Mainland Southeast Asia 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12
This paper summarizes land-cover and land-use change at eight sites in Thailand, Yunnan (China), Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos
over the last 50 years. Project methodology included incorporating information collected from a combination of semiformal,
key informant, and formal household interviews with the development of spatial databases based on aerial photographs, satellite
images, topographic maps, and GPS data. Results suggest that land use (e.g. swidden cultivation) and land cover (e.g. secondary
vegetation) have remained stable and the minor amount of land-use change that has occurred has been a change from swidden
to monocultural cash crops. Results suggest that two forces will increasingly determine land-use systems in this region. First,
national land tenure policies—the nationalization of forest lands and efforts to increase control over upland resources by
central governments—will provide a push factor making it increasingly difficult for farmers to maintain their traditional
swidden land-use practices. Second, market pressures—the commercialization of subsistence resources and the substitution of
commercial crops for subsistence crops—will provide a pull factor encouraging farmers to engage in new and different forms
of commercial agriculture. These results appear to be robust as they come from eight studies conducted over the last decade.
But important questions remain in terms of what research protocols are needed, if any, when linking social science data with
remotely sensed data for understanding human-environment interactions. 相似文献
37.
The problem of scale in community resource management 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jefferson Fox 《Environmental management》1992,16(3):289-297
Scale is a fundamental variable in most community resource management programs. This is true both in terms of scale as a management
concept (i.e., local, regional, and national level management) as well as a mapping concept (i.e., units on the map per unit
on the ground). Julian Steward, the father of human ecology, recognized as early as 1950 that social scientists have failed
to develop methods for incorporating the effect of scale in their work. This article seeks to determine whether methods used
in plant and animal ecology for assessing the effects of scale are applicable to community resource management. The article
reviews hierarchy theory and multiple scales, two methods (one theoretical and the other practical) for dealing with problems
that span many scales. The application of these methods to community resource management programs is examined by way of an
example. 相似文献
38.
Assessment of municipal waste compost as a daily cover material for odour control at landfill sites 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Hurst C Longhurst P Pollard S Smith R Jefferson B Gronow J 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2005,135(1):171-177
The ability of municipal waste compost as a daily cover material to reduce the odorous emissions associated with landfill surfaces was investigated. Trials were carried out using landfill gas, a certified sulphurous gas mix and ambient air as a control. Odorous gas was passed through portable test column filled with compost at different densities (590 kg/m3 and 740 kg/m3). Gas samples were taken from the inlet, outlet and at varying column depths and examined using a combination of sensory analysis (olfactometry) and a novel analytical method (Transportable Selected Ion Flow Tube--TSIFT). Results for the trials using landfill gas showed a 69% odour reduction (OU/m3) through the column for compost with a bulk density of 590 kg/m3, and a reduction of 97% using compost with a bulk density of 740 kg/m3. TSIFT analysis showed an overall decrease in the concentration of terpenes, and sulphurous compounds in the outlet gas from the column for both bulk densities. No significant trend could be identified for the concentrations at different depths within the column. Results show the ability of compost to reduce landfill odours under differing conditions. The inconclusive data provided by TSIFT analysis may be due to the analysis of compounds that are not contributing to odour, and thus highlights the potential for synergetic effects and the importance of sensory measurement when examining odorous emissions. 相似文献
39.
Xiaohua Jiang William A. Jefferson Dean Song Hanyang Cheng Fengmin Li Zhimin Qiang Aiqian Zhang Huijuan Liu Jiuhui Qu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(1):281-288
Permanganate has attracted much attention in wide range of chemistry and particularly in degradation of environmental pollutants. However, few studies have discussed the feature of regioselective reactivity of permanganate with specific moiety of the target compound. Herein, we studied the reaction between permanganate and tetracycline that is an emerging micropollutant with different species containing several electron-rich groups. The second-order rate constants increased from 6.0 to 9.0 and could be quantitatively modeled by considering the speciation of both reactants, yielding kTC0?=?11.7 (mol/L)?1?sec?1, kTC??=?35.7 (mol/L)?1?sec?1, kTC2??=?43.1 (mol/L)?1?sec?1 for individual reaction channels. Degradation products were then identified as the hydroxylated and demethylated compounds. The result suggested a rate-limiting step of simple hydroxylation at the phenolic and/or alkene moieties, while the demethylation should be caused by the unavoidably formed manganese oxide via single electron oxidation. This is supported by the DFT calculation, indicating the primary oxidation of phenolic group of TC0 with activation barrier of 44.5?kcal/mol and of alkene group of TC? and TC2? with activation barriers of 44.0 and 43.4?kcal/mol, respectively. This is in agreement with the experimental results, implying the alternation of regioselectivity associated with the deprotonation process. The result was further supported by performing the Fukui function and electrostatic potential analysis, reflecting the more probable site and better electron donating tendency beneficial to the permanganate oxidation. 相似文献
40.
Sharif Ahmed Mukul Mohammad Belal Uddin A.Z.M. Manzoor Rashid Jefferson Fox 《国际发展与全球生态学杂志》2013,20(2):180-188
Protected areas (PAs) represent a key global strategy in biodiversity conservation. In tropical developing countries, the management of PAs is a great challenge as many contain resources on which local communities rely. Collection and trading of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) is a well-established forest-based livelihood strategy, which has been promoted as a potential means for enhanced conservation and improved rural livelihoods in recent years, even though the sustainability or ecological implications have rarely been tested. We conducted an exploratory survey to understand the role and stakeholder views on conservation prospects and perceived ecological feasibility of NTFPs and harvesting schemes in a northeastern PA of Bangladesh, namely the Satchari National Park. Households (n?=?101) were interviewed from three different forest dependency categories, adopting a stratified random sampling approach and using a semi-structured questionnaire. The study identified 13 locally important NTFPs, with five being critically important to supporting local livelihoods. Our study suggests that collection, processing and trading in NTFPs constitutes the primary occupation for about 18% of local inhabitants and account for an estimated 19% of their cash annual income. The household consensus on issues relating to NTFPs and their prospective role in conservation was surprisingly high, with 48% of respondents believing that promotion of NTFPs in the PA could have positive conservation value. The majority (71%) of households also had some understanding of the ecological implications of NTFP harvesting, sustainability (53%) and possible management and monitoring regimes (100%). With little known about their real application in the field, our study suggests further investigations are required to understand the ecological compatibility of traditional NTFP harvesting patterns and management. 相似文献