植物根际强化修复石油污染土壤的研究

采用室内盆栽方式,研究了高羊茅对烃降解的影响,测定了土壤中烃的降解、微生物数量、荧光素二乙酸酯活性、过氧化氢酶活性及脱氢酶活性.结果表明,总石油烃在根际土壤体系比非根际土壤消失得更快.在试验进行10周后,非根际与根际土壤总石油烃降解率分别为11.8% 和 27.4%.试验过程中挥发的石油烃损失很少.根际土壤微生物平板计数及酶活性显著高于非根际土壤.石油化合物对荧光素二乙酸酯水解具有显著影响.相比无草被体系,种植有高羊茅的体系显著增加了石油烃降解的一级速率常数.因比母体化合物降解缓慢,4种氧化态多环芳烃1-二氢苊酮、9-芴酮、蒽醌、苯并芴酮,在处理过程中浓度不断增加,说明其是在处理过程中形成,并具有持久性.     

云南银杏产业的发展前景

本文分析了国内外银杏资源的开发与市场状况,以及云南银杏开发与利用前景,提出了开发银杏产业的建议     

One-pot preparation of graphene oxide magnetic nanocomposites for the removal of tetrabromobisphenol A

A simple solvothermal method was used to prepare monodisperse magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles attached onto graphene oxide (GO) sheets as adsorbents to remove tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) from an aqueous solution. These Fe₃O₄/GO (MGO) nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The adsorption capacity at different initial pH, contact duration, and temperature were evaluated. The kinetics of adsorption was found to fit the pseudo-second-order model perfectly. The adsorption isotherm well fitted the Langmuir model, and the theoretical maximum of adsorption capacity calculated by the Langmuir model was 27.26 mg?g^-1. The adsorption thermodynamics of TBBPA on the MGO nanocomposites was determined at 303 K, 313 K, and 323 K, respectively. The results indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. The MGO nanocomposites were conveniently separated from the media by an external magnetic field within several seconds, and then regenerated in 0.2 M NaOH solution. Thus, the MGO nanocomposites are a promising candidate for TBBPA removal from wastewater.     

磁性多孔陶粒生物膜反应器处理垃圾渗滤液的试验研究

对多孔陶瓷进行磁化改性获得磁性多孔陶瓷载体,并将该载体应用于垃圾渗滤液的处理试验.对比试验结果表明:在反应器的曝气量为3 L/h,曝气时间为16 h/d,温度为20～30℃时,垃圾渗滤液经磁性载体生物膜反应器30d处理后,上清液中COD、NH3-N的去除率均在90％以上,出水浓度达到国家生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准(GB16889-2008)的指标要求.     

五台山南台山地草甸种群对旅游干扰响应的识别

利用生态位的相关理论,研究了五台山南台山地草甸种群对旅游干扰的生态响应.结果表明,从第1带到第5带,紫羊茅和扁蓄的竞争势力在不断减小,北方嵩草的势力在不断增强;其次,雪白委陵菜的竞争能力也有减小的趋势,紫苞风毛菊有上升的趋势;珠芽蓼、车前、地榆、小秦艽、小花草玉梅、斗蓬草、田页蒿和白缘蒲公英的竞争能力忽高忽低,没有表现出明显的规律.零零香、歪头菜、小红菊和兰花棘豆仅出现在第5带上.此外,第5带普遍重叠值最大,第1带普遍重叠值最小.表3参12     

漂浮负载型光催化剂制备及降解草甘膦研究

以漂珠(FP)为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶-浸渍法制备了漂浮负载型CdS/TiO2/FP复合膜光催化剂,通过SEM、XRD对其结构进行了表征.以甘草膦农药的光催化降解为模型反应,使用不同光源研究了CdS/TiO2/FP的光催化性能,探讨了影响催化剂活性的因素及采用太阳光做光源处理草甘膦的可行性.结果表明,经4层镀膜500℃热处理的20%(w/w)CdS/TiO2/FP光催化剂具有良好的光催化性能,最佳降解条件为:催化剂加入量3 g/L,初始pH 7～9,Fe2 浓度为2.0×10-3 mol/L.通气量200 mL/min.在最佳条件下,对135 mg/L草甘膦溶液降解率可以分别达到96.3%(125 W高压汞灯,60 min)和82.4%(太阳光,180 min).     

薄荷新品种在云南的发展前景

本文介绍了云南引种薄荷新品种的情况,分析了国内外薄荷市场的现状和前景,提出了加速云南薄荷新品种的产业化设想。     

我国大气中挥发性有机物的分布特征

大气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)是臭氧和二次有机气溶胶形成的关键前体物之一,研究表明烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃是我国大气VOCs的重要组分。在不同区域,城市地区烷烃含量最高,而偏远地区芳香烃为含量最丰富的VOCs。VOCs浓度日间变化多呈双峰分布趋势,峰值多出现在早晨与傍晚的上下班高峰期。目前对我国臭氧污染事件的研究均表明芳香烃和烯烃是对臭氧生成贡献最大的化合物。VOCs源解析中广泛运用的模型包括CMB、PMF和PCA/APCS,各模型均存在优点和局限性。比较各地VOCs源解析结果,发现交通排放源和工业排放源为我国VOCs的主要人为来源。VOCs的跨区域传输决定与周边地区的合作将是未来空气治理中的发展方向。     

Phosphatase activity and culture conditions of the yeast Candida mycoderma sp. and analysis of organic phosphorus hydrolysis ability

Orthophosphate is an essential but limiting macronutrient for plant growth. About 67% cropland in China lacks sufficient phosphorus, especially that with red soil. Extensive soil phosphorus reserves exist in the form of organic phosphorus, which is unavailable for root uptake unless hydrolyzed by secretory acid phosphatases. Thus, many microorganisms with the ability to produce phosphatase have been exploited. In this work, the activity of an extracellular acid phosphatase and yeast biomass from Candida mycoderma was measured under different culture conditions, such as pH, temperature, and carbon source. A maximal phosphatase activity of 8.47 × 10^5±0.11× 10^5 U/g was achieved by C. Mycoderma in 36 hr under the optimal conditions. The extracellular acid phosphatase has high activity over a wide pH tolerance range from 2.5 to S.0 （optimum pH 3.5）. The effects of different phosphorus compounds on the acid phosphatase production were also studied. The presence of phytin, lecithin or calcium phosphate reduced the phosphatase activity and biomass yield significantly. In addition, the pH of the culture medium was reduced significantly by lecithin. The efficiency of the strain in releasing orthophosphate from organic phosphorus was studied in red soil （used in planting trees） and rice soil （originating as red soil）. The available phosphorus content was increased by 230% after inoculating 20 days in rice soil and decreased by 50% after inoculating 10 days in red soil. This work indicates that the yeast strain C. mycoderma has potential application for enhancing phosphorus utilization in plants that grow in rice soil.     

城市生活垃圾焚烧灰渣酸消解方法的确定和优化

不同基质，不同元素所适用的消解方法不一定相同，选择合适的消解方法和步骤对于得到焚烧灰渣中真实的金属含量有重要的意义，在对己有的焚烧灰渣及相似基质的消解方法进行综合分析后确定了5种不同强度的酸消解方法，分别对飞灰和炉渣进行消解实验，通过比较寻求最佳消解方案，实验结果表明：飞灰和沪渣中除K，Na,As和Hg外的其它金属元素测定，宜采用HC／NHO3／HF／HClO4消解法；K和Na的测定，宜采用HF／AR（王水）／H2O2消解法；飞灰中Hg和As的测定，宜采用HNO3／H2O2／HCl消解法；而测定炉渣中的Hg和As，则宜采用HF／AR／H2O2消解法。